710: Brain Structure and Pathways

what major region is involved in regulation of the autonomic and endocrine systems

Diencephalon

what lobe holds the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and brocas area?

frontal lobe

what lobe holds wernickes area

temporal lobe

What symptoms might you see in a person with a cerebellar lesion?

They may have difficulty performing rapid alternating movements.

diencephalon sits at the top of the brainstem and comprises the following parts:

Thalamus

Subthalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

What is located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and are key relay points between the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem. It also plays an important role in the initiation and control of movements, as well as some aspects of learning, behavior of habits, and emotion.

Basal ganglia

what acts as a relay station between the senses and the cerebral cortex. The pineal gland is part of this

Epithalamus

What function is the midbrain involved in?

visual and auditory reflexes
voluntary movement

What function is the pons involved in?

facial expression
sleep

What function is the medulla involved in?

cardiac function

coughing and sneezing

what neurons reside within the ventral horn. Their axons exit the spinal cord through these horns

lower motor neurons

what neurons descend from the brain send their axons down the spinal cord in the white matter tracts. Their axons extend into the gray matter where their axon terminals synapse with the lower motor neurons in the ventral horns.

Upper motor neurons

what contains axons of sensory neurons, which relay sensory inputs from the PNS to the thalamus. they are also organized by the type of information being relayed, and the body location that it originated from. In most cases, the sensory neuron will decussate to the other side of the spinal cord before ascending in the white matter tracts. In other cases, decussation does not occur until the neuron reaches the brainstem.

Ascending tracts

what contain the axons of upper motor neurons relaying motor commands from the motor cortex or autonomic centers in the brain to the PNS. They are organized according to the type of information they carry, and the ultimate destination of their commands

Descending tracts

what enters the spinal cord through dorsal horns and cell bodies reside in the dorsal ganglia?

sensory neurons

Which muscles do the dorsal rami innervate?

back muscles

Which muscles do the ventral rami innervate?

front muscles

what is the major motor pathway which connects the upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. its main function is to carry motor information from the brain to the body for the voluntary control of the trunk and limbs?

Corticospinal tract

posterior horn of lateral ventricles is located in the

occipital lobes

the lateral ventricle is generally in the

telencephalon

degradation of the cell body of neuron

chromatolysis

lowest degree of nerve injury where nerve still can function

neuropraxia

levels of what neurotransmitter is found in CSF living with fibromyalgia?

substance P

levels of what neurotransmitter is found in CSF living with epilepsy?

GABA

nerve plays a role in secretion of saliva

facial VII

A blockage of the ACA in the left side will show symptoms of

weakness in the right leg

what blood vessel travels trough the somatosensory area?

ACA and Middle cerebral artery

lidocaine may act on what channels or pumps

sodium voltage gated channels

opening of the negative charged channels allows for

hyperpolarization

A person has a lesion that has damaged only the right side of the spinal cord. What affects would you expect to see on the same side (right) and opposite side (left) of the body below the lesion?

right side: loss of movement, loss of proprioception, loss of sensation of touch

left side: loss of temperature and pain sensation

motor neuron cell bodies reside in the

spinal cord

sensory neurons cell bodies reside in the

dorsal ganglia

what carries fine touch, vibration, and proprioception info?

posterior column tract

what carries pain and temperature information

spinothalamic tract

what carries motor information from the cerebral cortex to the medulla oblongata?

corticobulbar tract