chuyên anh PTNK vào 10 năm 2022-2023

very tired or in a deep sleep because of extreme tiredness, hard work, or too much alcohol (informal)

in a coma (specialized)

comatose

By midnight I was virtually comatose.

to bring someone or something back to life or wake someone or something

resuscitate

Her heart had stopped, but the doctors successfully resuscitated her.

the ability to take action or to choose what action to take

agency

sense of agency The protest gave us a sense of agency, a sense of our own power to make a difference.

When the legal system acquitted these women on the grounds of insanity it denied their agency.

a small amount of something that is added to something else, especially a food (c2)

a dash

Add some butter and a dash of salt.

"Cream with your coffee, Madam?" "Yes please - just a dash."

Season the sauce with a dash of lemon zest and some thyme.

You might like to add a dash of sherry at this point.

The sauce was flavoured with just a dash of arbol chillichile powder.

figurative A scarf adds a dash of (= a small amount of) sophistication.

a use or purpose that a thing can have, that people notice as part of the way they see or experience it (specialized)

affordance

In design, perceived affordance is important — that is, our implicit understanding of how to interact with an object.

An open-ended activity or situation does not have a planned ending, so it may develop in several ways

open-ended

We are not willing to enter into open-ended discussions.

No commercial organization would take on such an open-ended commitment.

She was employed on an open-ended contract.

to work without stopping and with a lot of effort

hammer away at something

to have nearly finished a supply of something

be/get/run low (on something)

We're running low on milk - could you buy some more?

The radio batteries are running low.

Several hospitals are running low on the vaccine.

to persuade someone that an idea or plan is a good one and likely to be successful (c2)

sell

My boss is very old-fashioned and I'm having a lot of trouble selling the idea of working at home occasionally.

The filmmakers sold me on the idea that my book would work on the screen.

[ + two objects ] The chance of greater access to European markets would help sell the president the plan/sell the plan to the president.

In an interview, you have to sell yourself to the employer.

a person's belief that they can be successful when carrying out a particular task

self-efficacy

Perceived self-efficacy refers to people's beliefs about their capabilities to exercise control over their own activities.

Your sense of self is what you think makes your character different from that of other people

sense of self

The relationship had been an unhealthy one and I needed to rediscover my sense of self.

She is a supremely confident person with a very strong sense of self.

the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty (c2)

conviction

conviction for Since it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.

He has a long record of previous convictions for similar offences.

conviction of The conviction of the three demonstrators has caused public outrage locally.

a strong opinion or belief (c2)

conviction

religious/moral convictions

deep conviction They share a deep conviction that you can do anything if you're willing to work hard.

strong conviction

lifelong conviction

[ + that ] It's my personal conviction that all rapists should be locked away for life.

thinking or worrying about something too much

preoccupied

She's been very preoccupied recently because her mother has been very ill.

preoccupied with Why is the media so preoccupied with the love lives of politicians?

to reach the limit of something, so that nothing more is possible (informal)

max sth out

We maxed out all our credit cards.

→maxed-out credit cards

something that happens as a result of other actions, events, or decisions

the upshot

The upshot of the discussions is that there will be no layoffs.

relating to people or things from modern times and not from a time in the past

modern-day (A)
Modern-day engines are so much more efficient.

sexually or romantically attracted to men if you are a man and women if you are a woman

homosexual sex/relationships

The study participants were made up of homosexual couples and heterosexual couples.

right for someone or something (c1)

suited

With her qualifications and experience, she would seem to be ideally suited to/for the job.

used when saying that what people may believe is not true, and the opposite may be true

if anything

Her success hasn't caused tension - if anything, it's helped our marriage.

If anything, you have to work even harder when your dad's the boss.

I think I'm pretty honest about my emotions most of the time; if anything, I'm too frank about them.

to make someone dislike you or feel opposed to you

antagonize

It's a very delicate situation and I've no wish to antagonize him.

If you agonize over/about something, you spend time worrying and trying to make a decision about it

agonize over/about something

She agonized for days about whether she should take the job.

the act of taking someone to hospital and keeping them there for treatment

hospitalization (specialized)

Because of the severity of the accident, the patient required hospitalization.

→hospitalize=to take someone to hospital and keep them there for treatment

His wife's been hospitalized for depression.

a small piece of land that has been marked or measured for a particular purpose (c2)

a vegetable plot

plot of land There are several plots of land for sale

even more than before

all the more (idiom)

Several publishers rejected her book, but that just made her all the more determined.

as much as possible or completely

all the way

If you want to bring it up with the boss, I'll support you all the way.

despite what has just been said (c1)

all the same

It rained every day of our holiday - but we had a good time all the same.

=despite that, even so

I know it's a long shot. All the same, I think it's worth trying.

having very little money

hard up (A) (inf)

We're a bit hard up at the moment so we're not thinking about holidays.

[ before noun ] hard-up pensioners

to start to do something (c2)

 come to do something

I've come to like her over the months.

a person who will legally receive money, property, or a title from another person, especially an older member of the same family, when that other person dies (c2)

heir (n) /er/

someone's heir Elizabeth had been named Mary's heir by their father, Henry VIII.

heir to He is heir to a vast fortune.

heir to the throne The guest of honour was the Romanov heir to the throne of all Russia.

son and heir Despite having a large family, they still had no son and heir.

He does not want the estate to be divided up among his heirs after his death.

→heiress (N)

to show feelings or opinions

give expression to something / give sth expression

It's better to give expression to your anger, rather than hiding it.

He gave expression to his feelings in a book of poems.

I think he has a lot of talent but is afraid to give it expression.

an animal, especially a large or wild one (formal)

beast

a wild beast

The room wasn't fit for man or beast.

used to emphasize that something is very small in amount or number, especially when it is not enough

precious little / precious few (informal)

Be careful - you'll be precious little help if you come back injured.

They do precious little to reduce energy consumption.

Lots of people will start, but precious few will finish.

There are precious few opportunities for making regular money.

→her social circles shrink to a precious few

to bend the top half of the body forward and down

stoop (v)

The doorway was so low that we had to stoop to go through it.

Something fell out of her coat pocket and she stooped down and picked it up.

a raised flat area in front of the door of a house, with steps leading up to it

stoop

She got home to find the kids sitting on the stoop waiting for her.

to express great pleasure or happiness, especially as a result of a success:

exult (v) (formal)

exult at They exulted at their victory.

exult over Campaigners exulted over the ruling announced yesterday.

exult in She seems to exult in her power.

sympathy and sadness for the family or close friends of a person who has recently died, or an expression of this, especially in written form

condolence

a letter of condolence

Dignitaries from all over the world came to offer their condolences.

=commiseration

Commiserations on losing the match!

She gave me a look of commiseration as I entered the room.

He accepted my commiserations gracefully and wished me well in the role.

I expressed my commiserations to the losing candidates.

a large amount of money (inf)

a small fortune

spend a small fortune You'll have to spend a small fortune in legal fees if you decide to sue for compensation.

to not have enough of something

be short (of/on something)

to be short of space/time

We're short on coffee - I'd better get some more.

The bill comes to £85, but we're £15 short.

I'm a little short (= I do not have much money) this week - could you lend me ten dollars?

feeling happy and also slightly sad when you think about things that happened in the past (c2)

nostalgic

Talking about our old family holidays has made me feel all nostalgic.

We'll take a nostalgic look at the musical hits of the 60s.

a feeling of respect or admiration for someone or something

reverence (n)

She has/shows/feels great reverence for her professors.

to not allow something, especially feelings, to be expressed

to control what people do, especially by using force

repress

He repressed a sudden desire to cry.

to govern people in an unfair and cruel way and prevent them from having opportunities and freedom

oppress

For years now, the people have been oppressed by a ruthless dictator.

the ability to feel something physically, especially by touching, or a physical feeling that results from this ability (b2)

sensation

a burning sensation

sensation of I had no sensation of pain whatsoever.

The disease causes a loss of sensation in the fingers.

a general feeling caused by something that happens to you, especially a feeling that you cannot describe exactly (b2)

[ + (that) ] I had the odd sensation (that) someone was following me.

I can remember the first time I went sailing - it was a wonderful sensation.

very great excitement or interest, or something or someone that causes it

sensation

A year ago she was virtually unknown; now, she's a sensation on four continents.

The books have been a publishing sensation on both sides of the Atlantic.

overnight sensation The show was an overnight sensation (= was very successful immediately).

internet sensation

cause a sensation Their affair caused a sensation.

very unpleasant or bad, causing strong feelings of dislike

despicable

despicable behaviour

He's a despicable human being!

It was despicable of her to lie about her friend.

to be careful to notice someone or something interesting

watch out for someone/something

Watch out for his latest movie, out next month.

to not hurt or destroy something or someone

spare

They asked him to spare the women and children.

to prevent someone from having to experience something unpleasant

spare

Luckily, I was spared the embarrassment of having to sing in front of everyone.

It was a nasty accident - but I'll spare you (= I won't tell you) the gruesome details.

to use a lot of effort, expense, etc. to do something (c2)

spare no effort/expense

We will spare no effort to find out who did this.

left over or more than you need (c1)

to spare

If you have any woolyarn to spare when you've finished the sweater, can you make me some gloves?

I caught the plane with only two minutes to spare.

There's no time/We have no time to spare if we want to get the article written by tomorrow.

If you are musical, you have a skill in or a great liking for music (c1)

Joe's family all play instruments - they're very musical.