OCR A LEVEL ECON MICRO DEFINITIONS

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23 Terms

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Economic theory

abstract representation of how economic variables interact with each othe

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Economic model

representation of how economic variables interact with each other expressed in mathematical terms (equations or diagrams)

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Ceteris parabus

“all else being equal”

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Positive statement

factual statement that can be proven and verified by resorting to further investigation

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Normative statement

Statement based on opinion that cannot be justified by resorting to further investigation.

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Problem of scarcity

insufficient resources to meet unlimited wants.

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Opportunity cost

the next best alternative forgone/sacrificed when an economic decision made

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Economic goods

scarce because limited resources have been used in their production. there is an opportunity cost associated with producing economic goods.

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Free goods

goods that do not involve the use of scarce resources. No opportunity cost

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Land

refers to all natural resources utilized in the production process.

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Labour

refers to the human effort that is used in production process.

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Capital

human made aid/goods that are used to produce other goods and services.

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Enterprise

entrepreneurs that are risktakers who organise the other factors of production.

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Pure command economy

resources are allocated outside/without markets via a planning mechanism. Heavy amounts of government intervention or central state planning

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MIXED ECONOMY

contains large market and non market sectors

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Market sector

parts of the economy where goods and services primarily sold via supply and demand like a free market economy

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Non market sector

parts of the economy where goods and services are provided by the government mostly

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PURE MARKET ECONOMY

the price mechanism allocates resources in markets (supply and demand, like a free market economy)

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COMMUNIST ECONOMY

Means of production are commonly/publicly owned

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MIXED ECONOMY

Mixed ownership of production by private and public sectors

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CAPITALIST ECONOMY

Means of production and privately owned

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Production possibility curve

shows the maximum output combinations of two goods and services that can be produced when fully utilising current resources and technology in a given period of time.

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