Introduction to Statistics and Measures of Central Tendency

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts in statistics, focusing on definitions related to the field, types of data, and measures of central tendency.

Statistics

A field of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistical procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data.

Inferential Statistics

Techniques used to generalize from a sample to a population.

Central Tendency

A statistical measure that aims to determine a single score that defines the center of a distribution.

Mean

The average score, calculated by adding all scores and dividing by the number of scores.

Median

The midpoint in a distribution, separating the higher half from the lower half.

Mode

The score or category that appears most frequently in a data set.

Range

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution.

Standard Deviation

A measure of variability that indicates the average distance of scores from the mean.

Variance

The average of the squared differences from the mean.

Nominal Scale

A scale used for labeling variables without a quantitative value.

Ordinal Scale

A scale that involves order or rank, but the differences between values are not meaningful.

Interval Scale

A scale where the difference between values is meaningful and consistent, but there is no true zero.

Ratio Scale

A scale that has both a meaningful zero and consistent intervals, allowing for comparison of absolute magnitudes.

Hypothesis Testing

A method of making statistical decisions using experimental data.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

A statistical method used to test differences between two or more group means.

Pearson Correlation

A statistical measure of the linear relationship between two variables.