MLT-MLS Hematology 2019-2020 UAMS exam 1 review

Intramedullary Hemolysis

cell destruction inside the bone marrow

Leukocytosis

increase in the number of white blood cells

Intravascular

Within the blood vessel

Extravascular

outside the blood vascular system

RES system organs

Spleen, liver, Thymus, Bone Marrow, Lymph nodes

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Inside the bone marrow

Where do megakaryocytes reside?

along the lining in the bone marrow

What come from magakaryocytes?

platelets

Where does erythropoietin come from?

kidneys

What is the function of the RES system?

formation and destruction of cells

What is the fast to cell ratio in an adult?

50:50

What is the location of the bone marrow in children?

in all long bones

Which cells are in bone marrow?

Plasma cells, megakaryocytes, immature red cells, macrophages, immature WBCs

Which cells are in peripheral blood?

Banded neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lyphocytes and platelets

Which bone marrow cell is hemopoeitically active?

red marrow

Which organ is involved in red cell circulation?

spleen

How long do RBCs live?

120 days

What is the sequence of WBC maturation?

myeloblast-> promyelocyte->myelocyte->metamyelocyte, banded neutrophil-> segmented neutrophils

What cell is the most present at the dawn of neutrophilia?

Myelocyte

What cell has the ability to become any cell?

pluripotent stem cell

What can you use to tell the difference between T cells and B cells?

Flow cytometry

What cells move to the tissues and what do they become?

Basophil- mast cells

B cells- plasma cells

Monocytes- Macrophages

What is a left shift?

Increased numbers of immature neutrophils in the blood

What could be a possible reason to see many blasts in a peripheral blood smear?

a possible leukemia

What is the % of banded Neutrophils at are in peripheral blood?

5% in the peripheral blood

What reasons could there be for a left shift?

leukemia

bacterial infection

What WBC would increase during a parasitic infection and allergic reaction/infection?

Eosinophil

What is diapedesis?

the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.

What is margination?

neutrophils cling to the walls of capillaries in the injured area

How can you tell the difference between a monocyte and a banded neutrophil?

Banded neutrophil has pinker cytoplasm

What cells do NOT have granules?

myeloblasts and the RBC lineage. (sometimes monocytes and lymphocytes)

Basophils morphology

-most uncommon of granulocytes: have blue-purplish granules, and usually hidden nucleus

-release histamine

Eosinophil morphology

elongated band-shaped, bi-lobed or tri-lobed nucleus

cytoplasm has red/red-orange staining granules

feline: numerous small rod-shaped granules

canine: varying size granules in same cell

-seen during parasitic infection

banded neutrophil

contains pink cytoplasm with specific granules and a nucleus with coarse chromatin that is deeply indented more than 50% of the width of the nucleus

segmented neutrophil morphology

Monocyte morphology

largest leukocyte

nucleus is elongated & lobed or kidney bean shaped

abundant cytoplasm, may have vacuoles, phagocytosed particles

stains gray, foamy looking

Lymphocyte morphology

second most abundant leukocyte

round or slightly indented nucleus

thin rim of blue-stained cytoplasm

larger than nucleated RBC

What kind of cells have condensed nucleus clumping?

Mature cells

What are granulocytes?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

What cell is most known to have vacuoles?

Monocytes

How can you tell the difference between a Myeloblast and a lympyocyte?

Myeloblast is much bigger

lymphocyte nucleus is much darker

What is the formula for a total cell count?

(cells counted X dilution factor X depth factor)/ # of squares counted

Why do you use acetic acid as a dilution?

to lyse the RBCs

What are the negatives in the coulter principle?

anything the size of a cell gets counted

What % of RBC's are removed and replaced daily?

1%

What is the corrected WBC count formula? (NRBC)

(WBC x100)/ (#NRBC +100)

What is the dominant WBC seen in peripheral blood?

Neutophils 50%-70%

What cells is the least seen in peripheral blood?

Basophils

What is erythroid hyperplasia?

Increased red cell formation

What is the first Red blood cell to not see nucleoli?

prorubricyte

What is the first White blood cell to not see nucleoli?

Myelocyte

Do RBC's have granules?

Nope

What is the approximate time a slide can be made from a purple top?

4-6 hours

What is the color of a mature RBC cytoplasm after staining?

Salmon Pink

What is the color of an immature RBC after staining?

basophilic blue

What cells can self renew?

Pluiripointent

multipoientent

What organ destroys old RBC's?

spleen

Can NRBCs be found on a newborn blood smear?

yes

Why are men's WBC count higher than women's WBC count?

Testosterone

Do RBCs become larger or smaller as they mature?

Smaller

Where are mature WBC's found?

bone marrow

peripheral blood

What cells make antibodies?

plasma/ B cells

What cell can break down old RBC's?

Macrophages

Which organ conjugates bilirubin?

Liver

What is the term that describes basophilic RBCs on wrights stain?

Polychromasia

If RCBs on a slide are too blue, what is needed to be done?

Decrease the staining time

How are WBC distinguished from platelets?

size

Which precursor cell are primary granules first observed?

Promylocyte

Which white blood cell precursor is the last cell to undergo mitosis?

Myelocyte

Which cell is the fist where secondary granules appear and the fist cell where we an visualize if the cell will mature to become a eiosinophil, basophil or neutophil?

Myelocyte

picture of monocyte

picture of a segmented neutrophil

picture of eosinophil

picture of banded neutrophil

picture of lymphocyte

What is the total volume of the hemacytometer?

0.9 mm (cubed)

Within the hematopoietic cords of bone marrow, where are the megakaryocytes located?

Directly adjacent to the endothelial cell lining

Hematopoiesis

formation and development of blood cells occurring primarily in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphatic tissues

Margination

accumulation and adhesion of leukocytes to the epithelial cells of blood vessel walls at the site of injury in the early stages of inflammation.

Maturation sequence of RBC

1. Pronormoblast

2. Basophilic normoblast

3. Polychromatophilic normoblast

4. Orthochromic normoblast

5. polychoromatophilic Red Cell

6. Erythrocyte

Rubriblastic nomenclature of pronormoblast

Rubriblast

Rubriblastic nomenclature of Basophilic Normoblast

Prorubricyte

Rubriblastic nomenclature of Polychromatic Normoblast

Rubricyte

Rubriblastic nomenclature of Orhtochromic Normoblast

Metarubricyte

Rubriblastic nomenclature of Polychromatic Erythrocyte

Polychromatic Erythrocyte

Rubriblastic nomenclature of Eythrocyte

Erythrocyte

picture of Rubriblast

picture of Myeloblast

picture of Prorubricyte

picture of rubricyte

picture of Metarubricyte

picture of Reticulocyte

picture of Promyelocyte

picture of Myelocyte

picture of Banded neutrophil

picture of metamyelocyte

picture of basophil

Polychromasia

term used to describe a RBC as diffusely basophilic cell seen on the Wright stained peripheral smear

Reticulocyte

Term used to describe an anucleated RBC that shows mesh like pattern of dark blue treads and particles, vestiges of endoplasmic reticulum, when stained with New Methylene blue superavital stain

While performing a manual differential on an adult peripheral smear, 25 nucleated red blood cells are noted per 100 white blood cells. What corrective action must be taken?

Preform a corrected WBC count