Articulation & Acoustics of Consonants

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16 Terms

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Consonant

Speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract

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Place of Articulation

Where obstruction occurs

Ex: Labial, Dental, Alveolar, Palatal, Velar, Glottal

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Manner of Articulation

How airflow is modified

Ex: Stops, Fricatives, Affricates, Nasals, Liquids, etc.

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Sonorants

All voiced

  • Nasals

  • Liquids

  • Glides

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Obstruents

Can be voiced or voiceless

  • Stops

  • Fricatives

  • Affricates

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Glides [j]

High F2, Low F1

Fast formant transitions

<p>High F2, Low F1</p><p>Fast formant transitions</p>
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Glides [w]

Low F1, Low F2

<p>Low F1, Low F2</p>
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Liquid [l]

Lateral air flow

Visible formant structure

F3 = level

<p>Lateral air flow</p><p>Visible formant structure</p><p>F3 = level</p>
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Liquid [r]

Low F3

<p>Low F3</p>
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Nasals

  • [m], [n], [ŋ]

  • Low frequency resonance (~200-300 Hz)

  • Damping and low amplitude due to absorption and nasal structure

<ul><li><p>[m], [n], [<span>ŋ]</span></p></li><li><p>Low frequency resonance (~200-300 Hz)</p></li><li><p>Damping and low amplitude due to absorption and nasal structure</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Fricative Non-sibilants

[f, θ, v, ð]

Low intensity, broadband noise

No strong resonance

<p>[f, θ, v, <span>ð</span>]</p><p>Low intensity, broadband noise</p><p>No strong resonance</p>
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Fricative sibilant

[s, ʃ, z, ʒ]

High intensity and frequency specific

<p>[s, ʃ, z, <span>ʒ</span>]</p><p>High intensity and frequency specific</p>
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Bilabial Stop

[p,b]

<p>[p,b]</p>
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Alveolar Stop

[t,d]

<p>[t,d]</p>
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Velar Stop

[k,g]

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Affricates

[d͡ʒ,t͡ʃ]

Features include:

  • Closure

  • Burst

  • Frication noise