Afro-Latin American and Popular Music

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31 Terms

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Blues

is an African-American music that traverses a wide range of emotions and musical styles. "Feeling blue" is expressed in songs whose verses lament injustice or express longing for a better life and lost loves, jobs, and money. But blues is also a dance music that celebrates pleasure and success.

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Latin American Music Influenced by African Music

Reggae, Salsa, Samba, Soca, Were

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Afrobeat

term used to describe the fusion of West African with Black American music.

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Apala

is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, used to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.

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Axe

is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil; fuses the AfroCaribbean styles of the marcha, reggae, and calypso, and is played by carnival bands.

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Apala

also known as (Akpala)

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Jit

- is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.

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. Jive

- is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of a swing dance

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Juju

- is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where the instruments are more Western in origin.

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Kwassa kwassa

is a dance style that begun in Zaire in the late 1980s, moving the hips back and forth while the arms follow the hip movements

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Marabi

is a South African three-chord township music which evolved into African jazz

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Soul

was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s, with combined elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.

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Reggae

is a Jamaican musical style that was strongly influenced by the island's traditional mento music, as well as by calypso, African music, American Jazz, and rhythm and blues.

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Bob Marley

was a Jamaican singer, songwriter, and musician. Considered one of the pioneers of reggae, his musical career was marked by fusing elements of reggae, ska, and rocksteady, as well as his distinctive vocal and songwriting style.

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Salsa

music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Columbian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.

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Samba

is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style. It has a lively and rhythmical beat.

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Soca

is also known as the "Soul of Calypso.

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Soca

It originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago.

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Were

is Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses the African and European styles.

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Vocal Forms of African Music

Maracatu, Blues, Soul, Spirituals, a call and response

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Maracatu

is an ancient carnival tradition from the north-east of Brazil. Maracatu has its roots in the sugar fazendas and slave estates of Pernambuco state, where black African slaves formed religious brotherhoods to preserve African culture and heritage.

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James Brown

"Godfather of Soul"
while Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson were also called as "soul forefathers".

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Spirituals

(also known as Negro spirituals)

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Spirituals

genre of songs originating in the United States and created by African Americans. Spirituals were originally an oral tradition that imparted Christian values while also describing the hardships of slavery.

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Call and response

is a succession of two distinct phrases usually written in different parts of the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in response to the first.

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African Musical Instruments

Idiophones, Lamellophones, Membranophones, Chordophones, Aerophones

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Idiophones

Sound is produced by striking the body of the instrument causing it to vibrate.

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Lamellophones

In the classification of musical instruments the kalimba is in the category of lamellophones or plucked idiophones. Kalimba is one of the names used for this 15-key African lamellophone, also called mbira.

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Membranophones

Sound is produced by the vibration of a tightly stretched membrane.

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Chordophones

Sound is produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.

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Aerophones

Sound is produced by vibrating air.