Locomotor System Anatomy for Dentistry

Standard anatomical position

A reference position where the body is in an upright standing posture with the palms facing forward, used to ensure unambiguous anatomical descriptions.

Frontal plane

A vertical plane parallel to the forehead.

Median plane

A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left halves.

Sagittal plane

Any vertical plane parallel to the median plane that divides the body into unequal right and left halves.

Transverse plane

A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.

Dexter and Sinister

Latin terms for right and left, respectively.

Proximal and Distal

Directional terms where proximal means closer to the center or an entrance, and distal means more peripheral or distant.

Bone (Os)

A whitish, hard connective tissue composed of osteocytes, fibrils, and an extracellular matrix.

Bone composition (Newborns)

Approximately $45\%$ inorganic and $55\%$ organic components, resulting in greater flexibility.

Bone composition (Adults)

Approximately $60\%$ inorganic and $40\%$ organic components.

Osteoid (Ossein)

The organic component of the bone matrix consisting mainly of type I collagen fibers and an amorphous substance.

Osteoporosis

A condition in old age where both organic and inorganic bone components decrease, making bones brittle and prone to fractures.

Primary bone (Fibrillar)

Bone tissue found during ontogenesis; in adults, it is only found in the membranous labyrinth, cranial sutures, and muscle/tendon attachment sites.

Secondary bone (Lamellar)

Layered bone tissue