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complete content for exam 1 in better form for studying (contains all learning objectives, important material from slides, all charts we need to memorize(uncommon aa's, protein classes, antibody classes, enzyme classes, co-enzyme classes), it does not include the 20 common amino acids (I'm going to make a separate updated set for those)
Where is the uncommon amino acid hydroxyproline located?
collagen
What is the function of the uncommon amino acid hydroxyproline?
structural stability
Where is the uncommon amino acid hydroxylysine located?
collagen
What is the function of the uncommon amino acid hydroxylysine?
structural stability
Where is the uncommon amino acid N-methyllysine located?
histones
What is the function of the uncommon amino acid N-methyllysine?
genome organization and gene function regulation
Where are the uncommon amino acids desmosin and isodemosine located?
elastin
What is the function of the uncommon amino acids desmosin and isodemosine?
structural stability
Where is the uncommon amino acid y-carboxy-glutamic-acid located
prothrombin
What is the function of the uncommon amino acid y-carboxy-glutamic acid?
calcium binding
Where is the uncommon amino acid selenocysteine located?
glutathione reductase and some tRNA’s
What is the function of the uncommon amino acid selenocysteine?
oxidation-reduction reaction
Which 3 uncommon amino acids have the biological function of structural stability?
hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine,desmosin and isodemosine
Which uncommon amino acid’s function is genome organization and gene function regulation?
N-methyllysine
Which uncommon amino acid has the function of calcium binding?
y-carboxy-glutamic acid
Which uncommon amino acid’s function is oxidation reduction reactions?
selenocysteine
Which 2 uncommon amino acids are located in collagen?
hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine
Which uncommon amino acid is located in histones?
N-methyllysine
Which uncommon amino acid is located in elastin?
desmosin and isodemosine
Which uncommon amino acid is located in prothrombin?
y-carboxy-glutamic acid
Which uncommon amino acid is located in glutathione reductase and some tRNA’s?
selenocysteine
Name the uncommon amino acids
hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, n-methyllysine. desmosin and isodesmosine, y-carboxy glutamic acid, and selenocysteine
What prosthetic group does the lipoprotein class of proteins have?
lipids
What prosthetic group does the glycoprotein class of proteins have?
carbohydrates
What prosthetic group does the phosphoprotein class of proteins have?
phosphate groups
What prosthetic group does the hemoprotein class of proteins have?
heme (iron porphyrin)
What prosthetic group does the flavoprotein class of proteins have?
flavin nucleotide
What prosthetic groups does the metalloprotein class of proteins have?
iron, zinc, calcium, molybdeum, and copper
What class of protein has lipids as a prosthetic group?
lipoprotein
What class of protein has carbohydrates as a prosthetic group?
glycoprotein
What class of protein has phosphate groups as a prosthetic group?
phosphoprotein
What class of protein has heme as a prosthetic group?
hemoprotein
What class of protein has flavin nucleotides as a prosthetic group?
flavoprotein
What class of protein has iron as a prosthetic group?
metalloprotein
What class of protein has zinc as a prosthetic group?
metalloprotein
What class of protein has calcium as a prosthetic group?
metalloprotein
What class of protein has molybdeum as a prosthetic group?
metalloprotein
What class of protein has as copper a prosthetic group?
metalloprotein
What is an example of a lipoprotein?
B1-lipoprotein of the blood
What is an example of the lipid protein prosthetic group?
B1-lipoprotein of the blood
What is an example of a glycoprotein?
Immunoglobin G
What is an example of the carbohydrate protein prosthetic group?
Immunoglobin G
What is an example of a hemoprotein?
hemoglobin
What is an example of the heme protein prosthetic group?
hemoglobin
What is an example of a flavoprotein?
succinate dehydrogenase
What is an example of the flavin nucleotide protein prosthetic group?
succinate dehydrogenase
What is an example of the iron protein prosthetic group?
ferritin
What is an example of the zinc protein prosthetic group?
alcohol dehydrogenase
What is an example of the calcium protein prosthetic group?
calmodulin
What is an example of the molybdeum protein prosthetic group?
dinitrogenase
What is an example of the copper protein prosthetic group?
pastocyanin
What are all the protein classes?
lipoproteins, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, hemoproteins, flavoproteins, and metalloproteins
What heavy chain does IgA have?
α (alpha)
What heavy chain does IgD have?
δ (delta)
What heavy chain does IgE have?
ε (epsilon)
What heavy chain does IgG have?
γ (gamma)
What heavy chain does IgM have?
μ (mu)
Heavy chain α (alpha) belongs to which antibody?
IgA
Heavy chain δ (delta) belongs to which antibody?
IgD
Heavy chain ε (epsilon) belongs to which antibody?
IgE
Heavy chain γ (gamma) belongs to which antibody?
IgG
Heavy chain μ (mu) belongs to which antibody?
IgM
Name the 5 antibody classes
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM
Name all the enzyme classes
oxidoreductase, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases
What reaction does the oxidoreductase class of enzymes catalyze?
oxidation/reduction reactions that transfer electrons
What enzyme class catalyzes oxidation/reduction reactions?
oxidoreductase
What reaction does the transferases class of enzymes catalyze?
group transfer reactions
What enzyme class catalyzes group transfer reactions reactions?
transferases
What reaction does the hydrolases class of enzymes catalyze?
hydrolisis, breakdown due to reaction with water
What enzyme class catalyzes hydrolisis reactions?
hydrolases
What reaction does the lysases class of enzymes catalyze?
adding groups to double bonds or removing groups to create double bonds
What enzyme class catalyzes double bond creation/addition reactions?
lysases
What reaction does the isomerases class of enzymes catalyze?
group transfer within molecule to change isomeric form
What enzyme class catalyzes isomeric form change reactions?
isomerases
What reaction does the ligases class of enzymes catalyze?
condensation/ATP cleavage reactions to form single bonds between carbon and another molecule of carbon, sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen
What enzyme class catalyzes condensation/ATP cleavage reactions?
ligases
Name all the co-enzymes
biocytin, coenzyme A, 5’-deoxyadenosylcoblamin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, lipotate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolate, and thiamine pyrophosphate
How many co-enzymes are there
9
What chemical group does the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate transfer?
aldehydes
What chemical group does the coenzyme tetrahydrofolate transfer?
one carbon groups
What chemical group does the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate transfer?
amino groups
What chemical group does the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transfer?
hydride ions
What chemical group does the coenzyme lipotate transfer?
electrons and acyl groups
What chemical group does the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide transfer?
electrons
What chemical group does the coenzyme 5’deoxyadenosycloblamin (coenzyme B12) transfer?
H atoms and alkyl groups
What chemical group does the coenzyme A transfer?
acyl groups
What chemical group does the coenzyme biocytin transfer?
CO2
What coenzyme transfers CO2?
biocytin
What coenzyme transfers acyl groups?
coenzyme A
What coenzyme transfers H atoms and alkyl groups?
5’-deoxyadenosylcoblamin (coenzyme B12)
What coenzyme transfers electrons?
flavin adenine dinucleotide
What coenzyme transfers electrons and acyl groups?
lipotate
What coenzyme transfers hydride ions?
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
What coenzyme transfers amino groups?
pyridoxal phosphate
What coenzyme transfers one carbon groups?
tetrahydrofolate
What coenzyme transfers aldehydes?
thiamine pyrophosphate
What is the dietary precursor to coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate?
thiamine (vitamin B1)
What is the dietary precursor to coenzyme tetrahydrofolate?
folate
What is the dietary precursor to coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate?
pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
What is the dietary precursor to coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide?
nicotinic acid (niacin)
Note
Flashcard