Biochemistry Updated Exam 1 Flashcards

complete content for exam 1 in better form for studying (contains all learning objectives, important material from slides, all charts we need to memorize(uncommon aa's, protein classes, antibody classes, enzyme classes, co-enzyme classes), it does not include the 20 common amino acids (I'm going to make a separate updated set for those)

Where is the uncommon amino acid hydroxyproline located?

collagen

What is the function of the uncommon amino acid hydroxyproline?

structural stability

Where is the uncommon amino acid hydroxylysine located?

collagen

What is the function of the uncommon amino acid hydroxylysine?

structural stability

Where is the uncommon amino acid N-methyllysine located?

histones

What is the function of the uncommon amino acid N-methyllysine?

genome organization and gene function regulation

Where are the uncommon amino acids desmosin and isodemosine located?

elastin

What is the function of the uncommon amino acids desmosin and isodemosine?

structural stability

Where is the uncommon amino acid y-carboxy-glutamic-acid located

prothrombin

What is the function of the uncommon amino acid y-carboxy-glutamic acid?

calcium binding

Where is the uncommon amino acid selenocysteine located?

glutathione reductase and some tRNA’s

What is the function of the uncommon amino acid selenocysteine?

oxidation-reduction reaction

Which 3 uncommon amino acids have the biological function of structural stability?

hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine,desmosin and isodemosine

Which uncommon amino acid’s function is genome organization and gene function regulation?

N-methyllysine

Which uncommon amino acid has the function of calcium binding?

y-carboxy-glutamic acid

Which uncommon amino acid’s function is oxidation reduction reactions?

selenocysteine

Which 2 uncommon amino acids are located in collagen?

hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine

Which uncommon amino acid is located in histones?

N-methyllysine

Which uncommon amino acid is located in elastin?

desmosin and isodemosine

Which uncommon amino acid is located in prothrombin?

y-carboxy-glutamic acid

Which uncommon amino acid is located in glutathione reductase and some tRNA’s?

selenocysteine

Name the uncommon amino acids

hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, n-methyllysine. desmosin and isodesmosine, y-carboxy glutamic acid, and selenocysteine

What prosthetic group does the lipoprotein class of proteins have?

lipids

What prosthetic group does the glycoprotein class of proteins have?

carbohydrates

What prosthetic group does the phosphoprotein class of proteins have?

phosphate groups

What prosthetic group does the hemoprotein class of proteins have?

heme (iron porphyrin)

What prosthetic group does the flavoprotein class of proteins have?

flavin nucleotide

What prosthetic groups does the metalloprotein class of proteins have?

iron, zinc, calcium, molybdeum, and copper

What class of protein has lipids as a prosthetic group?

lipoprotein

What class of protein has carbohydrates as a prosthetic group?

glycoprotein

What class of protein has phosphate groups as a prosthetic group?

phosphoprotein

What class of protein has heme as a prosthetic group?

hemoprotein

What class of protein has flavin nucleotides as a prosthetic group?

flavoprotein

What class of protein has iron as a prosthetic group?

metalloprotein

What class of protein has zinc as a prosthetic group?

metalloprotein

What class of protein has calcium as a prosthetic group?

metalloprotein

What class of protein has molybdeum as a prosthetic group?

metalloprotein

What class of protein has as copper a prosthetic group?

metalloprotein

What is an example of a lipoprotein?

B1-lipoprotein of the blood

What is an example of the lipid protein prosthetic group?

B1-lipoprotein of the blood

What is an example of a glycoprotein?

Immunoglobin G

What is an example of the carbohydrate protein prosthetic group?

Immunoglobin G

What is an example of a hemoprotein?

hemoglobin

What is an example of the heme protein prosthetic group?

hemoglobin

What is an example of a flavoprotein?

succinate dehydrogenase

What is an example of the flavin nucleotide protein prosthetic group?

succinate dehydrogenase

What is an example of the iron protein prosthetic group?

ferritin

What is an example of the zinc protein prosthetic group?

alcohol dehydrogenase

What is an example of the calcium protein prosthetic group?

calmodulin

What is an example of the molybdeum protein prosthetic group?

dinitrogenase

What is an example of the copper protein prosthetic group?

pastocyanin

What are all the protein classes?

lipoproteins, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, hemoproteins, flavoproteins, and metalloproteins

What heavy chain does IgA have?

α (alpha)

What heavy chain does IgD have?

δ (delta)

What heavy chain does IgE have?

ε (epsilon)

What heavy chain does IgG have?

γ (gamma)

What heavy chain does IgM have?

μ (mu)

Heavy chain α (alpha) belongs to which antibody?

IgA

Heavy chain δ (delta) belongs to which antibody?

IgD

Heavy chain ε (epsilon) belongs to which antibody?

IgE

Heavy chain γ (gamma) belongs to which antibody?

IgG

Heavy chain μ (mu) belongs to which antibody?

IgM

Name the 5 antibody classes

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM

Name all the enzyme classes

oxidoreductase, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases

What reaction does the oxidoreductase class of enzymes catalyze?

oxidation/reduction reactions that transfer electrons

What enzyme class catalyzes oxidation/reduction reactions?

oxidoreductase

What reaction does the transferases class of enzymes catalyze?

group transfer reactions

What enzyme class catalyzes group transfer reactions reactions?

transferases

What reaction does the hydrolases class of enzymes catalyze?

hydrolisis, breakdown due to reaction with water

What enzyme class catalyzes hydrolisis reactions?

hydrolases

What reaction does the lysases class of enzymes catalyze?

adding groups to double bonds or removing groups to create double bonds

What enzyme class catalyzes double bond creation/addition reactions?

lysases

What reaction does the isomerases class of enzymes catalyze?

group transfer within molecule to change isomeric form

What enzyme class catalyzes isomeric form change reactions?

isomerases

What reaction does the ligases class of enzymes catalyze?

condensation/ATP cleavage reactions to form single bonds between carbon and another molecule of carbon, sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen

What enzyme class catalyzes condensation/ATP cleavage reactions?

ligases

Name all the co-enzymes

biocytin, coenzyme A, 5’-deoxyadenosylcoblamin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, lipotate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolate, and thiamine pyrophosphate

How many co-enzymes are there

9

What chemical group does the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate transfer?

aldehydes

What chemical group does the coenzyme tetrahydrofolate transfer?

one carbon groups

What chemical group does the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate transfer?

amino groups

What chemical group does the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transfer?

hydride ions

What chemical group does the coenzyme lipotate transfer?

electrons and acyl groups

What chemical group does the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide transfer?

electrons

What chemical group does the coenzyme 5’deoxyadenosycloblamin (coenzyme B12) transfer?

H atoms and alkyl groups

What chemical group does the coenzyme A transfer?

acyl groups

What chemical group does the coenzyme biocytin transfer?

CO2

What coenzyme transfers CO2?

biocytin

What coenzyme transfers acyl groups?

coenzyme A

What coenzyme transfers H atoms and alkyl groups?

5’-deoxyadenosylcoblamin (coenzyme B12)

What coenzyme transfers electrons?

flavin adenine dinucleotide

What coenzyme transfers electrons and acyl groups?

lipotate

What coenzyme transfers hydride ions?

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

What coenzyme transfers amino groups?

pyridoxal phosphate

What coenzyme transfers one carbon groups?

tetrahydrofolate

What coenzyme transfers aldehydes?

thiamine pyrophosphate

What is the dietary precursor to coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate?

thiamine (vitamin B1)

What is the dietary precursor to coenzyme tetrahydrofolate?

folate

What is the dietary precursor to coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate?

pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

What is the dietary precursor to coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide?

nicotinic acid (niacin)