articulations study

fibrous joints have what kind of tissue?

dense regular connective

fibrous joints have how many and what are they called?

3, sutures gomphoses syndesomes

sutures and gomphoses are synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic?

synarthrotic

which of the fibrous joints is the only one that is ampharthrotic?

syndesomes

what type of joint is bound by interousseous membrane (sheet of ligaments for attachement), connects radius/ulna, tibia/fibula, and provides pivot for two long bones?

syndesomes

how many are there and what are the cartilaginous joints called?

synchondroses and symphyses

the cartilaginous joint type synchondroses is classified as s or a?

synarthroses

the cartilaginous joint type synarthroses is made of what kind of cartilage?

hyaline cartilage

the cartilaginous joint symphyses is s or a?

amphiarthroses, slightly moveable

which one of the cartilaginous joints is slightly moveable (a)?

symphyses

sutures become what later on in adulthood?

synostoses (suture become fused)

synchondroses joints join together by hyaline cartilage, symphyses are made of what tissue and act as what?

pads of fibrocartilage used as shock absorbers

synovial joints have double layered articular/synvoial capsule, outer layer is made of what?

fibrous layer from dense connective

what is the function of the fibrous OUTER layer of the synovial capsule?

strengthen joints to prevent pulling apart

what is the function of articular cartilage?

has slippery surface that cushions to reduce friction and damage on articulating ends of bones

articular cartilage lacks what (2)?

blood vessels (avascular) and perichondrium (tissue that surrounds cartilage using bv to deliver nutrients)

the INNER layer synovial membrane of the synovial capsule is made up of what tissue?

areolar connective tissue

what is the function of the INNER layer synovial membrane?

produce synovial fluid

joint cavities are lined with synovial membrane secreting synovial fluid, what are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?

lubrication of articular cartilage, nourishing of chondrocytes, shock absorber

ligaments and tendons are made up of what tissue?

dense regular connective

what is the function of ligaments for synovial joints? (3)

stabilize, strengthen, reinforce

extrinsic ligaments are what?

physically separate from the articular capsule

intrinsic ligaments are what of the articular capsule?

are the thickening of the articular capsule

ligaments connect what to what?

bone to bone

tendons connect what to what?

muscle to bone

tendons function is?

help stabilize joints

bursae are fluid filled patches for the function of what? (2)

cushions ligaments to prevent wear and tear, and reduce friction

bursae are what and contain what?

fibrous saclike/patches containing synovial fluid

fat pads act as what in what area?

protection in joint periphery

tendon sheaths are common where? (2)

wrist and ankle

tendon sheaths wrap around tendons to reduce friction, they are also called?

elongated bursae

what are the 6 joint surface shapes?

plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket

flexion example

bending finger

extension example? still in anterior-posterior plane

straightening fingers

hyperextension example?

bending neck back

lateral and medial rotation both turn on what kind of surface?

anterior

medial rotation rotates which way?

rotates in

lateral rotation rotates which way?

rotates out

an example of a pivot joint?

c1 and c2

plane joints do what type of movement?

glide

uniaxial moving shapes? (3)

plane, hinge, pivot

biaxal moving shapes? (2)

condyloid, saddle

multiaxial moving shape?

ball and socket

plantar flexion example?

ballerina on tiptoes

dorsiflexion example?

digging in heels, ankle joint bent moving toward leg

eversion happens only in the foot, turns which way?

laterally

inversion happens only in the foot, turns what way?

medially

protraction is the what movement from the anatomic position?

anterior (TMJ)

retraction is what movement from the anatomic position?

posterior (TMJ)

opposition is the movement of what part?

thumbs to grasp objects

reposition is what?

the opposite of opposition

the TMJ is the head of the mandible articulates with what?

temporal bone

the TMJ is the only mobile joint between bones of skull, what are the three movements it can do?

gliding, hinge, pivot joint movements (glides during protraction for biting, hinge during mandible depression/elevation)

strenoclavicular shoulder joint is what kind of joint?

saddle joint (difficult to dislocate) of shoulder

acromioclavicular shoulder joint is what kind?

plane joint of shoulder

glenohumeral shoulder joint is what kind of joint, and is stable due to what muscles?

ball and socket, and rotator cuff muscles

which joints are responsible for flexing and extension of elbow?

humeroulnar and humeroradial HINGE

KNEE joint is primarily HINGE joint that can glide+rotate, what two are there?

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint

hip joint is what kind of shape?

ball and socket

talocrural joint, the ankle joint is what shape of joint, located where, and can move how?

hinge, distal end of tibia and talus, dorsi+plantar flexion

for synovial joint aging, the lateral mesenchyme forms what later?

articular capsule

after articular capsule is formed the next layer of mesenchyme forms the?

synovial membrane

central mesenchyme of the synovial joints form what?

menisci or articular discs

subluxation refers to?

incomplete dislocation of head of radius (more in children)

gouty arthtritis is what and most seen in?

increased levels of uric acid leading to inflammation in OLDER MALES

rheumatoid arthritis is what kind of disorder compared to others? seen in?

autoimmune disorder seen in younger women

osteoarthritis is what and seen more in?

wear and tear in older people