MGT 3305 Fisher Exam 1

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125 Terms

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Organizations
social structures created by individuals to support the collaborative pursuit of specific goals
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Organizational behavior (OB)
refers to explaining human behavior in organizations, which includes examining the behavior of individuals, groups, or all the members of an organization as a whole
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Technical Skills
refer to expertise in a particular task or field
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Relational skills
are talents for getting along with an motivating people
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Conceptual skills
refer to the capability to understand complex issues and underlying causes and to solve problems with broad implications
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Conventional OB
tends to emphasize material or financial well-being and interests of narrow range of stakeholders in the immediate future
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Sustainable OB
tends to emphasize multiple forms of well-being (i.e., financial, social, ecological, spiritual) and the interests of a broad range of stakeholders in the immediate as well as distant future
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Virtue theory
focuses on character and the ways in which people practice and facilitate the practice of virtues in community, thereby facilitating happiness
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Virtues
behavior showing high moral standards
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Ideal types
are fundamental models or theoretical extremes
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Critical thinking
involves actively questioning and evaluating assumptions and information
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Management
the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling human and other organizational resources towards the achievement of organizational goals
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4 character traits of a servant leader
1) consistent, 2) diligent, 3) hard working and 4) resourceful
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planning conventional vs. sustainable OB
Conventional OB: focuses on how managers set goals and design strategies to achieve them
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Sustainable OB: emphasizes using practical wisdom, which is exercising foresight, reason, and discretion to achieve what is good for the community
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Practical wisdom (prudence)
is exercising foresight, reason, and discretion to achieve what is good for the community
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organizing conventional vs. sustainable OB
Conventional OB: arranging human and other organizational resources in order to achieve planned goals and strategies
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sustainable OB: arranging resources but emphasizes a spirit of dignification, experimentation, and sensitivity to others' needs in the process
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Courage
is the willingness to take action to do what is good regardless of personal consequences
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leading conventional vs. sustainable OB
conventional OB: uses systems and interpersonal human skills to influence others to achieve organizational goals
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sustainable OB: develop workplaces where the emphasis on financial and productivity goals is balanced by emphasis on sustainability and healthy social relationships
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Self-control
relates to a person's emotional regulation and ability to overcome impulsive actions and greed
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controlling conventional vs. sustainable OB
conventional OB: ensures that organizational members do what they are supposed to be doing and that their performance meets expectations
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sustainable OB: control goes beyond simply ensuring that organizational directives are followed. it also involves ensuring that members' action are just and consistent with the organization's values
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Justice
is a sense of "fairness" that ensures that everyone connected with an organization gets his or her due
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Know the four stages of management and be able to recognize them
1) planning
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2) organizing
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3) leading
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4) controlling human and other organizational resources...
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... toward the achievement of organizational goals
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sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
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Globalization
refers to the increased interdependence and integration among people and organization around the world
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Multinational company (MNC)
is an organization that receives more than 25 percent of its total sales revenue from outside its home country
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Polycentrism
is an assumption that members in a host country know the best way to manage an organization in their country
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Ethnocentrism
is the assumption that members of one's own home country offer the best way to manage in a host country
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Egalicentrism
is the assumption that people from different cultures working together in a manner characterized by two-way, give-and-take communications foster deeper mutual understanding, community, and new insights
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National culture
includes the shared values, beliefs, and knowledge, and general patterns of behavior that characterize a country's citizens
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what are the 5 components of Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture
1) individualism
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2) materialism
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3) short term orientation
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4) power distance
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5) uncertainty avoidance
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Individualism (Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture)
Some cultures place a strong emphasis on individualism, which makes individuality and individual rights paramount and encourages people to act in their own self-interest.
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Materialism (Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture)
cultures that emphasize materialism place high value on assertiveness and achievements such as better paying jobs, material possessions, and money
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Time orientation (Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture)
the concept of time orientation differentiates between cultures that have a short-term view and those that take a long-term perspective.
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Short term view (Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture)
emphasize living in the present
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Power distance(Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture)
the relative emphasis placed on power differences in a culture is called power distance
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Uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture)
cultures with high uncertainty avoidance scores prefer predictable rules and regulations to ambiguity and risk
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collectivism
emphasis on interests of group
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quality of life
emphasis on relationships, quality of life, and cooperations
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challenge authority
emphasis on equality and challenging authority
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comfortable with uncertainty
emphasis on openness to change and adaptability
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Long term view
concern for the future
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Organizational culture
is the set of shared assumptions, values, and experiences that influence the ways in which individuals, teams, and groups interact with one another and work toward company goals
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Organizational structure
the formal arrangements and linkages among members and groups that specify work activities and subtasks and allow them to be completed
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Competing values framework
categorizes organizational cultures based on the two dimensions of the relative emphasis members place on 1) predictability versus adaptability and 2) having an external versus an internal focus
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competing values framework example
- greyston bakery, which hires ex-convicts states "we don't hire people to bake brownies, we bake brownies to hire people"
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- Hubspot is widely admired for its culture
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Cultural artifacts
provide tangible evidence of an organization's values and may include the organization's physical features, shared stories, rituals, and formal structure and system
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Shared stories
are well-known narrative accounts that form the oral history of critical events that have shaped an organization
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Rituals
are behavioral practices that perpetuate, reinforce, and keep alive a particular value that defines an organization
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authenticity
the state of being true to oneself; it is a way of living in which your outward actions match up with your inner self because you know who you are and what you want to be.
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authentic leadership
authenticity in organizational leadership roles
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benefits of authentic leadership
Greater work engagement, a sense of empowerment, and job satisfaction; Less burnout and worries about status within the work setting; Higher levels of job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and commitment to the organization; and Enhanced trust in, identification with, and satisfaction with the leader
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characteristics of authentic leadership
self aware, staying true to an internal sense of what is right, relating to others transparently, and objectively balancing all relevant data in decision making
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Hubris
a grandiose sense of self evident in excessive confidence and narcissism
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johari window definition
illustrates the idea that some information about us is known to ourselves and and others, which is public information
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johari window model
public, blind, private, unknown
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Feedback-seeking behavior
asking for feedback or collecting information from the work environment to better understand how you are performing.
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Self-leadership practices
self-regulatory actions that help us manage and motivate ourselves.
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calling
an experienced passion and sense of meaning toward work or career
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stress
the body's state of heightened readiness for action in response to challenges or pressures in the environment
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stressors
situations, events, people, or perceptions that contribute to experiencing stress
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work-life conflict
exists when work role demands interfere with life role demands
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work-family conflict
role conflict that results from the incompatibilities and pressures of work and family roles
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conversation of resources theory
proposes that people strive to gain and maintain resources that help them achieve goals
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creativity
the process of coming up with novel and useful ideas for solving a problem or developing an opportunity
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innovation
takes a creative idea and puts it into practice
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divergent thinking
which means looking at a problem in a unique way.
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convergent thinking
means looking at a problem from a traditional perspective and then trying to find the best solution by thinking logically
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stages of the creative process
preparation, incubation, inspiration, validation
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preparation
creativity requires preparation in the form of hard work and a high level of intentionality in order to assemble relevant information about the problem to be solved
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incubation
the decision maker stops thinking intensively about the problem and simply allows it to exist in the back of his or her mind
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inspiration
can consist of either a flash of insight or a gradual awareness that the problem has a solution
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validation
test the creative solution to see whether it actually works
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Diversity
- Diversity is a state of having or being composed of differing attributes
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social categorization theory
proposes that we use characteristics to categorize others into groups, and this shapes our attitudes and behavior toward others
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stereotypes
general perceptions about a group of people with similar characteristics
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unconscious biases
stereotypes that are triggered automatically without awareness
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Abilities
are innate capabilities to perform a specific task
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Personality
the unique and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions shown by individuals
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Extraversion
is a personality trait associated with being sociable, talkative, assertive, and adventurous.
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Agreeableness
is a personality trait associated with being good-natured, cooperative, trustful, and not jealous.
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Conscientiousness
is a personality trait associated with being achievement oriented, responsible, persevering, and dependable.