Vibrionaceae Family and Campylobacter

What 4 genera make up the Vibrionaceae?

1. Vibrio

2. Aeromonas

3. Pleisiomonas

4. Chromobacterium

What 2 things make Vibrionaceae similar to Enterics?

1. GNR

2. ferment glucose

What 3 things distinguish Vibrionaceae from Enterics?

1. oxidase +

2. curved/comma-shaped on Gram stain

3. polar flagella

What is the main habitat of Vibrionaceae?

water

What is the treatment of choice for infections caused by Vibrionaceae?

tetracycline

Most Vibrionaceae are _________, meaning they require increased amounts of NaCl to grow.

halophilic

What organism is a curved GNR that exhibits “darting” motility?

V. cholerae

What is used as a selective media for the genus Vibrio because of its high salt content?

TCBS

What 2 ways is TCBS selective for the genus Vibrio?

1. high salt concentration promotes growth of Vibrio

2. bile salts inhibit growth of GPC

How is TCBS differential?

sucrose differentiates Vibrio that are sucrose-fermenters (yellow) from non-sucrose-fermenters (green)

What organism is associated with “rice water stools?”

V. cholerae

What is the colony morphology for V. cholerae on TCBS agar?

yellow colonies = sucrose fermentation

Which TCBS agar has V. cholerae?

B

V. cholerae (does/does not) require high salt concentration to grow.

does not

What organism causes diarrheal outbreaks in Japan and seafood gastroenteritis?

Vibrio parahemolyticus

What is the colony morphology for V. parahemolyticus on TCBS agar?

green colonies = no sucrose fermentation

Which TCBS agar has V. cholerae?

A

V. parahemolytica (does/does not) require high salt concentration to grow.

does

What organism can cause blister-like lesions after handling shells and highly invasive for a patients with underlying health conditions?

Vibrio vulnificus

What 3 Vibrionaceae are usually beta hemolytic?

1. V. vulnificus

2. A. hydrophila

3. C. violaceum

What is the colony morphology for V. vulnificus on TCBS agar?

yellow = ferments sucrose

Which TCBS agar has V. vulnificus?

B

What test differentiates Vibrio from Aeromonas?

string test

What is the principle of the string test?

organisms is mixed with 0.5% sodium deoxycholate

Vibrio is lysed, forming a string

Aeromonas is NOT lysed, not forming a string

What Vibrionaceae is associated with regular gastroenteritis?

Pleisiomonas shigelloides

Chromobacterium violaceum is found in _________ regions.

tropical

What organism has a characteristic purple pigment on SBA and MAC?

C. violaceum

What organism is described as having an “almond-like” smell?

C. violaceum

What are the 3 main habitats of Campylobacter species?

1. pigs

2. cattle

3. poultry

What 3 things differentiate Campylobacter species from Enterics?

1. oxidase +

2. comma-shaped GNR on Gram stain

3. microaerobes

Campylobacter species require ___% O2 and ___% CO2.

5% O2, 10% CO2

What Campylobacter the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US?

Campylobacter jejuni

Was is the drug of choice for treating C. jejuni?

erythromycin

How old should stool sample be when trying to grow C. jejuni?

< 2 hours

What 2 types of media are used because they are selective for C. jejuni?

1. Campy blood agar

2. Skirrow’s agar

What is the ideal incubation temperature for C. jejuni?

42C

What organism is catalase and Hippurate + with darting motility?

C. jejuni

What Campylobacter causes gastroenteritis, abortions, meningitis, and septicemia?

C. fetus

What Campylobacter does NOT grow well at 42C and is Hippurate -?

C. fetus

What 4 things differentiate Helicobacter pylori from Enterics?

1. oxidase +

2. comma-shaped GNR on Gram stain

3. microaerobes

4. urease +

What organism causes gastritis and increases your risk of peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma?

H. pylori

How is H. pylori able to neutralize stomach acid?

urease + = urea breaks down into ammonium that neutralizes the acid

What protein does H. pylori produce that alters the host’s epithelial cells?

CagA

How long does it take for H. pylori to grow?

4-7 days

What the indirect detection method for H. pylori?

urea breath test

What is the principle of the urea breath test?

patient that has H. pylori will have a production of ammonia and CO2.

CO2 is then measured

What is the usual treatment for H. pylori?

triple drug treatment