HA Q3

Musculoskeletal System

Composed of bones, muscles, and joints that support, protect, and enable movement in the body.

Osteoblasts

Active cells that form bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Cells that degrade bone tissue.

Periosteum

Covers the bones and contains blood vessels and nerves.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in the heart.

Synovial Joint

Type of joint with a space between bones filled with synovial fluid for lubrication and movement.

Fibrous Joint

Joint joined by fibrous connective tissue that is immovable, such as sutures in the skull.

Cartilaginous Joint

Joint connected by cartilage that allows limited movement, like joints between vertebrae.

Range of Motion (ROM)

The range through which a joint can be moved.

Ankle Dorsiflexion

Movement where the toes draw upward toward the ankle.

Hip Flexion

Movement that decreases the angle between the thigh and the pelvis.

Bursae

Fluid-filled sacs that provide cushioning around joints.

Kyphosis

Abnormal curvature of the spine resulting in a hunchback appearance.

Osteoporosis

Condition where bones become porous and fragile, increasing fracture risk.

Heberden nodes

Bony overgrowths occurring at the distal interphalangeal joints due to osteoarthritis.

Swan-neck Deformity

A finger deformity characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint.

Hallux Valgus

Abnormality where the great toe deviates laterally, often forming a bunion.

Flat Feet

Condition where the arch of the foot is flattened, causing potential pain.

Gait

The manner or pattern of walking.

Protraction

Movement of a body part forward.

Retraction

Movement of a body part backward.

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.