Development in Emerging Adulthood

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development in emerging adulthood based on lecture notes.

Emerging Adulthood

A proposed transitional period between adolescence and adulthood, typically occurring in industrialized countries, during which young adults explore their identity and experience instability.

Three Criteria for Adulthood

Accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions, and becoming financially independent.

Accidents

The leading cause of death for young Americans ages $20$ to $44$.

Bariatric Surgery

Any surgery carried out to induce weight loss by rerouting or removing parts of the stomach or small intestine.

Physical Activity Recommendation

Adults ages $18$ to $64$ should engage in $75$ to $150$ minutes of aerobic exercise and muscle-strengthening activities.

Emotion-Focused Coping

Managing emotions by refusing to think about an issue or reframing the event in a positive light.

Problem-Focused Coping

Addressing an issue head-on and developing action-oriented ways of managing and changing a bad situation.

Risky Drinking (Men)

Consuming more than $14$ drinks a week or $4$ drinks on any single day.

Risky Drinking (Women)

Consuming more than $7$ drinks a week or $3$ drinks on any single day.

Social Integration

Active engagement in a broad range of social relationships, activities, and roles, associated with lower mortality rates.

Social Support

Material, informational, and psychological resources derived from the social network.

Sexual Script

Stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should behave sexually.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A disorder producing physical discomfort and emotional tension for up to $2$ weeks before a menstrual period, more typical in women in their $30s$.

Dysmenorrhea

Cramps caused by contractions of the uterus set in motion by prostaglandin, typically affecting younger women.

Reflective Thinking

First defined by John Dewey as active, persistent, and careful consideration of information, which involves questioning facts and drawing inferences.

Postformal Thought

A mature type of thinking occurring in emerging adulthood characterized by the ability to deal with inconsistency, logic-emotion flexibility, and the acknowledgement of multiple valid perspectives.

Acquisitive Stage

Occurs during childhood and adolescence where information and skills are acquired for their own sake or as preparation for society.

Achieving Stage

Occurs from late teens to early $30s$ where people utilize knowledge to pursue specific goals like career and family.

Responsible Stage

Occurs from late $30s$ to early $60s$ where people use their minds to solve practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

Executive Stage

Occurs from $30s$ to middle age where individuals are responsible for societal systems or social movements and deal with complex relationships.

Reorganizational Stage

Occurs from middle age to late adulthood where people reorganize their intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits that replace paid work.

Reintegrative Stage

Occurs in late adulthood where people become more selective about tasks and concentrate on those that have the most meaning.

Legacy-Creating Stage

Occurs in advanced old age involve preparation for death and the creation of legacies.

Tacit Knowledge

Inside information or "hacks" not formally taught, involving self-management and management of others, which predicts job performance better than IQ.

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Coined by Peter Salovey and John Mayer as the ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions to achieve goals.

Mayer-Salovey-CarusoEmotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)

A $40$-minute battery of questions used to measure emotional intelligence across four abilities.

Postconventional Morality

Kohlberg's level where people make moral decisions based on universal principles of justice and experience.

Cosmic Stage

A stage proposed by Kohlberg involving a sense of unity with the cosmos, nature, or God to reflect on moral issues from a universal standpoint.

Substantive Complexity

The degree of thought and independent judgment required by a job.

Spillover Hypothesis

The idea that cognitive gains attained from work carry over to non-working hours.

Recentering

A three-stage process underlying the shift to an adult identity involving changes in power, responsibility, and decision making.

Contemporary Moratorium

A self-conscious crisis in emerging adulthood that ideally leads to identity achievement, though some may take a passive approach.

Normative Stage Models

Theoretical approaches suggesting adults follow a basic sequence of age-related psychosocial changes.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erikson's stage where young adults must make deep personal commitments or risk becoming self-absorbed.

Timing-of-Events Model

A model suggesting development depends on when certain life events occur, such as normative life events following a social clock.

Social Clock

A society's norms regarding the appropriate timing for life events.

McCrae’s Five-Factor Model

A trait model consisting of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Ego-Resilient

A personality type characterized as being well-adjusted, self-confident, articulate, and task-focused.

Overcontrolled

A personality type characterized as shy, quiet, anxious, dependable, and prone to withdrawing from conflict.

Undercontrolled

A personality type characterized as active, energetic, impulsive, stubborn, and easily distracted.

Secure Attachment

An attachment style where individuals have positive views of relationships and find it easy to get close to others.

Avoidant Attachment

An attachment style where individuals are hesitant about romantic involvement and distance themselves from partners.

Anxious Attachment

An attachment style characterized by demanding closeness, being less trusting, and appearing jealous or possessive.

Fictive Kin

Individuals treated as family members despite lacking a blood relationship.

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

A theory identifying three elements of love: intimacy (emotional), passion (motivational), and commitment (cognitive).

Friends With Benefits

Relationships blended with physical intimacy but featuring little commitment.

Cohabitation

An unmarried couple involved in a sexual relationship who live together.