Studied by 3 people
the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior
motivation
rewards that are the payoff a person receives from others for performing a particular task
extrinsic rewards
rewards that are the satisfaction a person receives from performing the particular task itself
intrinsic rewards
What are the 4 major perspectives on motivation?
content theories, process theories, job design theories, and reinforcement theories
theory that emphasizes needs as motivators
content theories
theory that focuses on thoughts and perceptions that motivate behavior
process theories
theory that focuses on designing jobs that lead to employee satisfaction and performance
job design theories
theory that is based on the notion that motivation is a function of behavioral consequences and not unmet needs
reinforcement theories
psychological or physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior
needs
theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people
content perspectives
What are the 5 needs included in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
physiological need
safety need
love need
esteem need
self-actualization need
need for food, clothing, shelter, comfort, self-preservation
physiological need
need for physical safety, emotional security, avoidance of violence
safety need
need for love, frienship, affection
love need
need for self-respect, status, reputation, recognition, self- confidence
esteem need
need for self-fulfillment, increasing competence, using abilities to the fullest
self-actualization need
theory that says that 3 needs are major motives determining people’s behavior in the workplace
McClellands Acquired Needs Theory
What are the 3 needs in McClellands Acquired Needs Theory?
achievement
affiliation
power
desire to achieve excellence in challenging tasks
achievement
desire for friendly and warm relationships
affiliation
desire to influence or control others
power
theory that assumes people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment with their behavior and well-being influenced by 3 innate needs
Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory
What theory focuses primarily on intrinsic motivation and rewards?
Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory
What are the 3 innate needs of the Self-Determination Theory?
competence
autonomy
relatedness
people need to feel qualified, knowledgeable, and capable of completing a goal or task and to learn different skills
competence
people need to feel they have the freedom and the discretion to determine what they want to do and how they want to do it
autonomy
people need to feel a sense of belonging, of attachment to others
relatedness
theory that proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
What are the two factors included in Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory?
work satisfaction from so-called motivating factors
work dissatisfaction from so-called hygiene factors
factors associated with job dissatisfaction which affect the job context in which people work
hygiene factors
factors associated with job satisfaction, which affects the job content or the rewards of work performance
motivating factors
perspective concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act
process perspectives
What are the three process theories?
equity or justice theory
expectancy theory
goal-setting theory
type of process theory that is a model of motivation that explains how people drive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships
equity theory
The equity theory later expanded into an area called organizational justice made of up what 3 components?
distributive justice
procedural justice
interactional justice
What type of organizational justice asks, “How fairly are rewards being given out?”
distributive justice
What type of organizational justice asks, “How fair is the process for handing out rewards?”
procedural justice
What type of organizational justice asks, “How fairly am I being treated when rewards are given out?”
interactional justice
type of justice concerned with the extent to which people perceive they are treated fairly at work
organizational justice
theory that suggests that people are motivated by how much they want something and how likely they think they are going to get it
expectancy theory
Who created the expectancy theory?
Victor Vroom
What are the 3 elements to the expectancy theory?
expectancy
instrumentality
valence
belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance
expectancy
expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome
instrumentality
the value a worker assigns to an outcome
valence
theory that suggest that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging, but achievable
goal-setting theory
Who created the Goal-Setting Theory?
Locke and Latham
division of an organization’s work among its employees
job design
increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety
enlargement
building motivating factors into a job
enrichment
theory that suggests that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, whereas behavior with negative consequences tends to not be repeated
reinforcement theory
use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior
behavior modification
use of positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior
positive reinforcement
strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative
negative reinforcement
weakening behavior by ignoring it or making sure it’s not reinforced
extinction
weakening behavior by presenting something negative or withdrawing something postivie
punishment
monetary rewards
compensation
benefit programs or initiatives designed to help all employees balance work like with home life
work-life benefits
To _______, you may shadow other employees, get tuition reimbursement, and training.
expand your skills
the combined impact of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement (PERMA)
well-being
the sense of belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than yourself
meaningfulness
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Flashcard (65)