Counterculture & Feminist Movement Vocab

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18, passed during the Vietnam War because young people were being drafted but couldn’t vote.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

A student activist group that protested the Vietnam War and wanted more democratic participation in government.

Port Huron Statement

A 1962 declaration by SDS calling for civil rights, anti-war action, and more student involvement in politics.

Free Speech Movement

A student protest at UC Berkeley demanding the right to free speech and political activity on campus.

Counterculture

A youth movement in the 1960s that rejected traditional values, promoted peace, love, and freedom, and protested war and materialism.

Hippie Communes

Groups of people living together, often in rural areas, sharing resources and rejecting mainstream society.

Feminism

The belief in political, economic, and social equality between men and women.

Equal Pay Act (1963)

A law requiring that men and women be paid equally for the same work.

Betty Friedan

Author of The Feminine Mystique; sparked the second wave of feminism and helped found the National Organization for Women.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned discrimination based on race, sex, religion, or national origin in employment and public places.

NOW (National Organization for Women)

A feminist group formed in 1966 to fight for women’s rights, including equal pay and job opportunities.

Gloria Steinem

A feminist leader and journalist who co-founded Ms. magazine and promoted women’s rights through writing and activism.

ERA (Equal Rights Amendment)

A proposed amendment to guarantee equal rights for women; it passed Congress but wasn’t ratified by enough states.

Educational Amendment (Title IX)

A 1972 law that banned sex-based discrimination in federally funded schools, including sports programs.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Supreme Court case that legalized abortion nationwide, based on a woman’s right to privacy.

Repatriation

The process of sending Mexican immigrants (including some U.S. citizens) back to Mexico during the Great Depression.

LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens)

An organization that fights for the rights of Hispanic Americans, especially in education and voting.

Cesar Chavez

A Mexican American labor leader who co-founded the United Farm Workers and led nonviolent protests for farmworkers' rights.

UFW (United Farm Workers)

A labor union that fought for better pay and conditions for farmworkers, led by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta.

MAYO (Mexican American Youth Organization)

A group that promoted civil rights for Mexican American youth through activism, especially in education.