HESI chemistry

+1

if a hydrogen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be?

-2

if oxygen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be?

0

what is the oxidation number of an element atom?

Catalyst

which of the following is not a solution type?

Alloys

Compounds

Amalgans

Catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

What is a catalyst?

when two of more substances combine in a homogenous mixture.

What is a solution?

Polar Covalent Bond

Which type of chemical bond has a covalent bond in which electrons are more attracted to one nucleus than the other?

Non-polar covalent bond

What kind of bond is a chemical bond that has a covalent bond in which electrons are equally attracted to both nuclei

NaCl, this is an example because it does not have an electric charge.

Which of the following is an example of an ionic bond?

OH-

COO-

H30+

NaCl

A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and electron to another Atom.

What is an ionic bond?

cations

What is an atom called when it loses one or more electrons?

anions

what is an electron called when it gains one or more electrons

lactate

What do muscles produce that causes cramping during exercise?

Double covalent bond

what type of chemical bond shares two electron pairs

a chemical bond that shares one electron pair

what is a single covalent bond?

0.453592 kg

how many kilograms in a pound

When two electron pairs are shared between two atoms

when is a double covalent bond formed?

when two atoms share their electrons

when is a general covalent bond formed?

Covalent bond

what is the strongest type of chemical bond

2 because the lower the pH value, the more acidic

which of the following pH value would lemon juice likely have?

2

6

7

10

Moles of a solute/Liters of the solution = Molarity

what is the molarity formula?

London dispersion forces

Which of the follow is the weakest of all the intermolecular forces?

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Intermolecular Forces

London dispersion forces

Hydrogen bonds

London Dispersion Forces (LDF)

A temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles

A carboxyl group

What does COOH symbolize?

19

How many protons does Potassium have?

8

How many neutrons does carbon 14 have?

6

What is the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid H2SO4

loss of electrons

What is oxidation?

the gain of electrons

what is reduction

Covalent

What is the strongest type of chemical bond?

Proton doners

Acids are?

a Disaccharide

when two monosaccharides are joined together they make what?

in the cell nucleus

the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA are found where

Combustion reaction

The following reaction is an example of?

Magnesium Sulfate

What is the name for the following equation?

the ability to act as a base and as an acid

what does the term Amphoteric mean?

2

how many amino acids are in a dipeptide?

an animal starch

Glycogen is what kind of starch?

It produces glucose from proteins and fats

gluconeogenesis is a process that produces what?

a 5-carbon sugar

What is a pentose?

20 amino acids

how many amino acids are essential for human life?

farenheit, celsius, kelvin

What are the three most common temperature systems

0 degrees Celsius

What is the temperature for freezing point of water in Celsius

32 degrees Fahrenheit

What is the temperature for freezing point of water in Fahrenheit

37 degrees Celsius

What is the normal body temperature in Celsius?

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

What is the normal body temperature in Fahrenheit

100 degrees Celsius

what is the boiling point of water in Celsius?

212 degrees Fahrenheit

what is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit?

0 degrees Celsius = 32 degrees Fahrenheit

whats the conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit

Acid

a compound that is a hydrogen or proton donor. It is corrosive to metals. It causes blue litmus paper to become red. Becomes less acidic when mixed with a base.

atom

basic building block of a molecule

atomic mass

the average mass of each of an elements isotopes

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

base

a hydrogen or proton acceptor and generally has a hydroxide group in the makeup of the molecule.

catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Compound

the combination of two or more elements or atoms

decomposition reaction

a reaction often described as the opposite of synthesis because it is the breaking down of a compound into its components

Deoxyribose

a sugar used in the formation of DNA

electron clouds

the group of electrons revolving around the nucleus of an atom; a cloudlike group of electrons

ionic bond

an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions

isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

mole

a way to express concentrations of atoms.

Neutron

a part o the nucleus of an atom that has no charge

reactant

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

ribose

sugar used in the formation of RNA

solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Sythesis

the combination of seperate parts into a unified whole

weight, length and volume

what does the metric system measure

grams, liters, and meters

what are the basic units of measurements of the metric system,

gram

what is the unit of measure of weight

liter

what is the basic measure of volume

meter

what is the basic measure of distance

Fahrenheit, Celsius, and kelvin

what are the three most common temperature systems?

body temperature

what is Fahrenheit based off of

0 degrees Fahrenheit

what is the freezing point of sea water in Fahrenheit

freezing and boiling point of water

what is Celsius based around

absolute zero

what is kelvin based around

-273 degrees celcius

what is 0 degrees kelvin equal to in Celsius

group IA, +1

what is this and whats it's charge

group IIA, +2

what is this group called and what is the charge

Group IIIA, +3

what is this group and whats the charge

group IVA, either a +4 or -4 change

what is this group and whats the charge

Group VA, -3

what is this group and whats the charge

Group VIA, -2 charge

what is this group and what is the charge

Group VIIA, -1 charge

what is this group and what is the charge

transition metals

The transition metals are the metallic elements that serve as a bridge, or transition, between the two sides of the table.

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

atomic mass

Number of protons and neutrons

Isatope

same atom with different number of neutrons

neutrons

what varies in an atom to make it an isotope

compound

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

reatants

a substance that participates in a chemical reaction

the law of conservation

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

Equallibrium

when products forming reactants and the same rate that products are forming reactants, they are said to be reversible.

increasing the tempurature, increasing surface area, catalyst and increasing concentration

what are the four basic ways to speed up a reaction

this causes particles to move around faster and increases contact

how does increasing temperature speed up a chemical reaction

by increasing areas of contact where chemical reactions can occur

how does increasing surface area speed up chemical reactions

by reducing the amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur

how do catalyst accelerate a chemical reaction