History 1302 Giesenschlag (Blinn) Lecture Test 1 Review

Lincoln Reconstruction Plan

granted amnesty to southerners.10% of voters from the last election had to pledge to support the union. Pardon all Confederates except high-ranking officials and those who were cruel to POW's

Civil Rights Act 1866

law that established federal guarantees of civil rights for all citizens

Wade Davis Bill and reaction

Vet-proof Congress

10% Plan and reaction

Impeachment

Charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolition of slavery w/o compensation for slave-owners

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th Amendment (1870)

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Republican Policies in the South

Three-legged stool of Republicanism

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Scalawag

Joint Commission on Reconstruction

1876 election

"disputed election" rebublican-hayes (won) democrat -tiden (lost by one electoral vote)

Freedman's Bureau

Compromise 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

Restoration - Parts 1 and 2

W.E.B. DuBois

Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.

Edwin Stanton

Secretary of War appointed by Lincoln. President Andrew Johnson dismissed him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act, and as a result, Congress wanted Johnson's impeachment.

New South by 1900

Tenure of Office Act

1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet

Centennial Exhibition

an exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876 that celebrated America's 100th birthday

internal costs

the costs of a market activity paid by an individual participant

Civil War - Business production

Philanthropy of Carnegie

Railroads

Networks of iron (later steel) rails on which steam (later electric or diesel) locomotives pulled long trains at high speeds. The first were built in England in the 1830s. Success caused the construction of these to boom lasting into the 20th Century

Oligopolies

combinations of companies that control the production or distribution of a product or service

Land grants and right of way

Monopolies

Corporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service.

Communication

A process through which you send messages to and receive messages from others.

Marketing and Advertising

the process of buying and selling in a market, and the business of designing and writing advertisements

Business colleges

Wabash Railway v. Illinois

Edison and Menlo Park

ICC

Interstate Commerce Commission

Barons of Business

labor

Human effort directed toward producing goods and services

Carnegie and Steel

A steel producing company created by Andrew Carnegie to manage business at his steel mills in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area in the late 19th century. Significance: had a monopoly in the steel industry. vertical integrations.

AFL success

Building business and reinvestment

Samuel Gompers

He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Early Movement

Railroad in the West

Houston to LA; economic boom for South

Federal government in the West

Mining

the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth

Mining Towns

discovery of precious metals causes town to pop up overnight; mostly young male miners, few women; abandoned when metal was gone

Mining Law of 1872

regulate mining of silver, copper, gold ore, natural gas and oil on federal lands

Individuals in the West

Native American tribes

Similar belief systems

Cowboys

Cattle handlers who drove large herds across the southern Great Plains. The era of the cowboy lasted from 1870 to the late 1880s.

Indian Bureau in Department of Interior

Total War Concept

it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people

Fence/Range wars

Great Sioux War

Conflict between Sioux and Cheyenne Indians and federal troops over lands in the Dakotas in the mid-1870s.

Little Big Horn

General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

Colonel Custer

He fought in the Battle of Little Bighorn and tried to move the Sioux and Cheyennes onto a reservation even though he was outnumbered. He and his men were all killed in this conflict.

Reservation System

The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the west, beginning in the 1850s and ending with the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. Within these reservations, most land was used communally, rather than owned individually. The U.S. government encouraged and sometimes violently coerced Native Americans to stay on the reservations at all times.

new farming technologies

Mechanized Plow

Grain Drill- opened the soil to plant seed more efficiently

Dry Farming- techniques and management practices used by farmers to continually adapt to the presence or lack of moisture in a given crop cycle.

Heroes of the West

New settlers to the West

Department stores

urban growth

the rate of increase of urban populations/ growth within cities

Census data of growth

Machine Politics

an organizational style of local politics in which party bosses traded jobs, money, and favors for votes and campaign support

Tammany Hall

a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism

Boss Tweed

William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.

Boss Croker

Allure of work

Immigration

Movement of individuals into a population

Political efforts for reform

Temperance

restraint or moderation, especially in regards to alcohol or food

Suffrage

the legal right to vote

Goo-Goo's

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Importance of religion

the 1530 king Henry VIII declared himself head of the church of England there was group of people called the separatists that wanted to practice christianity in their own way at first many left to settle in holland and in 1620 they decided to leave and settle in viriginia but they eneded up settling in Massachusetts. Here, religion served as the reason why these Englishmen left to settle in the New World. Similar to the pilgrims, a group known as the Puritans had a disagreements with the Church of England. Rather than split off from the established church, they wanted to reform, or change, it. (72) They formed the Massachusetts Bay Company, which received a charter to establish settlements in what is now Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Again, the Puritans settled in the New World to escape religious persecution. The Quakers believed that all people had a direct link with God. The Quakers settled in Pennsylvania, named after their leader William Penn. Penn considered his colony a holy experiment, a place where people of different religious backgrounds could live together peacefully. Penn's religion helped to form the laws in society. Later in the 1730s and 1740s,there was a religious movement in the colonies called the Great Awakening. Out of this movement, many new religions were formed. In time, this movement led to more religious tolerance in the colonies.

Social Gospel

A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation.

Settlement Houses

institutions that provided educational and social services to poor people

Tenement Housing

Housing in the city where many factory workers where forced to live in one room apartments and the conditions where very unsanitary.

Baseball and urban sports

Houston Astros 2017 WORLD CHAMPS!!!!!

Skyscrapers and steel