6.5 types of chemical reactions

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Last updated 3:12 AM on 8/3/26
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22 Terms

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types of chemical reactions

  1. Synthesis

  2. Decomposition

  3. Single Displacement

  4. Double Displacement

  5. Combustion

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What occurs in a synthesis reaction?

Two or more reactants combine to form a new larger product.

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general pattern for a synthesis reaction

A + B → AB

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Examples of a synthesis reaction.

  1. Zn + S → ZnS

  2. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

  3. MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2

  4. CO2 + H2O → H2CO3

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What occurs in a decomposition reaction?

One compound breaks down into two or more smaller compounds or elements.

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General pattern for a decomposition reaction

AB → A + B

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Examples of a decomposition reaction

  1. 2MgCl2 → 2Mg + 2Cl2

  2. 2KClO3  → 2KCl  +  3O2

  3. H2CO3  →  H2O  + CO2

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What happens in a single displacement reaction?

One element takes the place of (displaces) another element in a compound.

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What is the general pattern for a single displacement reaction?

AB + C → AC + B

<p>AB + C → AC + B</p>
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Types of single displacement reaction

  1. metals replace metals - 2HCl  +Mg   →  MgCl2  + H2

  2. non-metals replace non-metals - F2 + 2LiBr → 2LiF + Br2

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What occurs in a double displacement reaction?

The metal ions of two different compounds exchange (trade) places.

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What is the general pattern for a double displacement reaction?

AB + CD → AD + CB

<p>AB + CD → AD + CB</p>
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Examples of double displacement reactions

  1. NaOH + HCl → HOH + NaCl

  2. FeS + 2HCl → H2S + FeCl2

  1. 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2KNO3

<ol><li><p>NaOH + HCl → HOH + NaCl</p></li><li><p>FeS + 2HCl → H2S + FeCl2</p></li></ol><ol start="3"><li><p>2KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2KNO3</p></li></ol><p></p>
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What is a complete combustion reaction?

  • Reactions involving the burning of hydrocarbons with oxygen

  • the products are carbon dioxide and water.

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What is the general pattern for a complete combustion reaction?

CxHy + O2 → CO2 + H2O

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Examples of complete combustion reactions

  1. CH4  +  2O2  →  CO2  +  2H2O

  2. C3H8  +  5O2  →  3CO2  +  4H2O

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What is an incomplete combustion reaction?

  • Reactions involving the burning of a hydrocarbon with oxygen.

  • The products are always carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water.

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What is the general pattern for an incomplete combustion reaction?

CxHy + O2 → C(s)+ CO + CO2 + H2O

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Examples of incomplete combustion reactions

4CH4  +  6O2  →  C(s)+ 2CO  + CO2  +  8H2O

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What is corrosion?

The breakdown of metal as a result of chemical reactions with its environment.

<p>The breakdown of metal as a result of chemical reactions with its environment.</p>
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Rusting

form of corrosion involving the reaction between iron and oxygen

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What is the Maillard reaction?

  • A series of chemical reactions between amino acids and sugars when food is heated

  • leads to the browning and the creation of different flavours and smells

<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span>A series of chemical reactions between amino acids and sugars when food is heated</span></span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span>leads to the browning and the creation of different flavours and smells</span></span></p></li></ul><p></p>