meiosis quiz

richter 2023 vocab quiz

purpose of mitosis

purpose of mitosis

tissue repair and growth

results of mitosis

two identical diploid (2n) cells

purpose of meiosis

production of haploid cells (gamete)

results of meiosis

gametes

tetrad

pairing of homologous chromosomes

synapsis

alignment of genes in a tetrad

crossing-over

genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes

independent assortment of chromosomes

random way in which homologous chromosomes (tetrads) line up on the metaphase plate (INCREASES VARIATION)

importance of crossing-over to sexual reproduction

increases variation

gametogenesis

creation of gametes

results of spermatogenesis

creation of sperm

results of oogenesis

an egg

cleavage furrow

structure that forms in animal cells during cytokinesis (how animal cells divide)

cell plate

new cell wall that forms between new nuclei in plant cells (how plant cells divide)

differences between plant and animal mitosis

1. Animals

   1. Cleavage furrow

   2. Centrioles

   3. Aster - microtubules extend towards the cell periphery

2. Plants

   1. Cell plate

somatic cell

body cell

germline cell

produce gametes

karyotype

picture of an individual chromosome

nondisjunction

chromosomes fail to separate

cause of Down Syndrome

trisomy