Year 10 Japanese Grammar Structures (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Flashcards cover core Year 10 Japanese grammar structures from notes Page 1-5, focusing on vocabulary-style definitions of each grammar point.

Adjectives - Te form

The te-form of i-adjectives ends in くて and na-adjectives end in で, used to connect adjectives or link to the next clause (e.g., describing multiple attributes or sequence of actions).

Nouns-linking

Using the noun で to connect a noun with the following adjective or phrase, often meaning “and” or linking qualities (e.g., american + tall).

〜がとくい・にがて・上手・下手

Ways to describe ability or skill: とくい = good at/strong suit; にがて = not good at; 上手 = skilled; 下手 = unskilled. Used to describe who is good or bad at something.

Verb plain form +ことができます・できません

Expressing ability: dictionary/plain form + ことができます = can do something; + できません = cannot do something.

Verb plain form +ことがとくい・にがて・上手・下手

Describing proficiency in performing an action: verb plain form + ことが + とくい/にがて/上手/下手 (e.g., 私は英語を話すことが得意です).

て form +ください

Polite request: use the て-form + ください to ask someone to do something (e.g., ください = please do).

て form + います

Progressive or ongoing action: Vている indicates an action currently happening or a resulting state.

て form (linking) 〜て〜て

Linking two or more verbs with て to show a sequence of actions (e.g., do this, then do that).

て form + から

Expresses sequence: do X て, then do Y; meaning ‘after doing X’.

form +みます

Try doing something: Vて + みます expresses attempting or trying an action to see the result.

て form + みたい

Want to try doing: Vてみたい = would like to try doing something.

Verb stem + たい・たくない

Stem of a verb + たい = want to do; + たくない = don’t want to do.

〜がいます・あります

Existence of things: います for animate beings (living), あります for inanimate objects.

Location に something/someone がいます・あります

State that something or someone exists at a location: Location に (place) + がいます/あります.

い adjective から ので

Giving a reason using an i-adjective: から or なので/ので can explain cause; から is more direct, ので more polite.

Noun/な adjective だから・なので

Giving a reason with nouns or na-adjectives: だから or なので means ‘therefore’ or ‘because.’

い adjective けど・けれど・けれども

Concessive/contrastive “but” in sentences; used to introduce a contrasting clause.

Noun/ な adjective だけど・だけれど・だけれども

Concessive/contrastive ‘but’ for nouns or na-adjectives; shows contrast with the previous clause.

〜がほしい

Expressing desire for a thing: Xがほしい = I want X (something).