DNA Vocab( Biostem)

Nucleotide

A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Replication

The action of copying or reproducing something

Transcription

The process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecule of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template.

Transfer RNA

Carrier of amino acid during protein synthesis.

Mutation

A change in the structure of genes.

Bacteriophage

A virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.

Base- Pairing Rule

Rules that apply during the pairing between one purine and one pyrimidine via tight hydrogen bonds.

Messenger RNA

Molecule that carries code from DNA in the nucleus to sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

Translation

The process of decoding the instructions for making protein. Translation is the process of translating (converting) the transcript (genetic information) from the mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids in the growing chain of a polypeptide.

Point Mutation

Mutation in DNA or RNA.

Double helix

Shape of our heredity molecule, or DNA.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid that is present in all living things, and its main function is a messenger.

Ribosomal RNA

A non-coding RNA that is essential for protein synthesis in ribosomes.

Codon

a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Anticodons

Are sequences of nucleotides that are complementary to codons.