AGGRESSION

Aggression

Behavior directed towards harming another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment.

Hostile Aggression

Aggression where the main aim is to inflict harm on the victim, often driven by anger.

Instrumental Aggression

Aggression aimed at achieving a goal other than causing harm.

Biological Theories of Aggression

Theories suggesting that aggression may have genetic, neurological, and hormonal components.

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Theory stating that aggression results from frustration when a person is blocked from achieving a goal.

Displacement

The act of redirecting aggression onto someone or something unrelated to the original frustration.

Revised Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

An update suggesting frustration creates readiness for aggression, triggered by environmental cues.

Social Learning Theory

Theory that aggression is learned through observation and imitation of others' behaviors.

Vicarious Reinforcement

When individuals are more likely to imitate behavior they see rewarded in others.

Bobo Doll Experiment

A study demonstrating that children imitate aggressive behavior they observe in adults.

Genetic Factors of Aggression

The suggestion that aggression may have a genetic component based on twin and adoption studies.

Neurological Influences on Aggression

Aggression linked to certain brain areas, like the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.

Hormonal Influences on Aggression

Association of hormones like testosterone with aggressive behavior, particularly in males.

Evolutionary Perspective on Aggression

View that aggression evolved as an adaptive behavior for survival and competition.

Aggression for Its Own Sake

Hostile aggression described as aggression that is an end in itself rather than a means to an end.

Calculative Nature of Instrumental Aggression

Instrumental aggression is usually planned and calculated, aimed at achieving a specific goal.

Anger in Hostile Aggression

Hostile aggression is often driven by anger and a desire to see the other person suffer.

Multi-faceted Sources of Aggression

The understanding that aggression has various sources and no single cause.

Aggression Manifestation

Aggression can manifest in a wide range of behaviors, from social exclusion to physical violence.

Types of Aggression

The two main types of aggression are hostile aggression and instrumental aggression.