Becoming a Member of Society (Part II) - UCSP 4Q

Conformity

With values and norms may depend on forms of social control such as a system of laws and punishments.

Social ostracism

A form of social control that pertains to society's rejection of an individual because of his/her belief and/or actions which run against social norms. The probability of this phenomenon tend to compel people to conform with, rather than deviate, from norms.

Compliance or group acceptance

A type of conformity where an individual accepts influence to gain a favorable reaction, adopt the behavior for rewards or approval, and avoid punishment or disapproval.

- Conforms to the majority (publicly) yet does not really agree with them (privately)

- It is a temporary behavior change as it stops when there are no group pressures to conform

Internalization or genuine acceptance of group norms

A type of conformity where an individual accepts influence because the behavior is intrinsically rewarding and aligns with their value system.

- It always involves public and private conformity.

- It is considered the deepest level of conformity where the beliefs of the group become part of the individual's own belief system

Identification or group membership

A type of conformity that occurs when an individual accepts influence because he wants to establish or maintain a satisfying self-defining relationship to another person or group.

- Individuals conform to the expectations of a social role

Informational influence

Behavior of others might convince us that our original judgement was incorrect. The group's behavior provides valuable info about what is expected.

Wish to avoid punishment or gain rewards

We are concerned about our social image and outcomes.

Risk of disapproval from other group members

By deviating too far, individuals risk rejection.

Lack of perceived alternatives

A member may not realize he has any other choice but conformity.

Fear of disrupting the group's operations

People fear that independence will hamper the attainment of group goals.

Absence of communication among groups

Lacking information that others might join in the nonconforming action, they avoid going out on a limb.

No feeling of responsibility for group outcomes

Members who conform may cause a group to fail to meet its objectives. They hesitate to take the initiative to turn the situation around, especially if they do not feel personally responsible for the group's success or failure.

A sense of powerlessness

If a person feels that he cannot change the situation, he is unlikely to try anything new. The apathy becomes self-fulfilling. No one tries anything difference, and consequently, nothing improves.

Deviance

A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.

Individual heredity; Group heredity; Personal deficiency; Social failure

Enumerate four (4) reasons behind deviance:

Nature theorists

Focus on what is perceived as innate or natural causes. Proponents claim that criminality can be genetic or hereditary.

Nurture theorists

Focus on emphasizing the influence if the environment on behavior. Advocates point out that people can potentially become good or bad because of their environment or of their overall upbringing.

Anomie

Theory of _____ asserts that deviance is a response to situations in which an individual's objectives cannot be achieved through following the norms or expected social behavior.

Anomia

From the Greek word "_____," which means lawlessness.

Innovation and rebellion

Name two (2) ways an individual may overcome obstacles:

Innovation

Involves breaking the rules to achieve normative objectives, such as stealing from banks to become wealthy.

Rebellion

Challenging the rules or objectives themselves, like protesting against income inequality or joining an armed insurgency that aims to topple what is perceived as unjust social order.

Formal deviance

Form of deviance that violates existing laws (e.g., rape, murder, robbery, etc.).

Informal deviance

Form of deviance that violates norms which are not formally covered by laws (e.g., nose-picking, passing gas inside trains).

Sexual deviance

A controversial form of deviance which refers to behaviors where individuals seek erotic gratification through means that are considered odd, different, or unacceptable to either most or influential persons in one's community.

72

Number of countries and territories worldwide that continue to criminalize same-sex relationships.

45

Number of countries out of the seventy-two which consider sexual relationshios between women outlawed.

8

Number of countries in which homosexuality can result in a death penalty, and dozens more in which homosexual acts can result in a prison sentence.

Homosexuality

Defines _____ in a draft bill on "family resilience" as a "sexual deviance" in Indonesia (Sutrisno 2020).

Biological; Psychological; Sociological; Diseased mind; Inappropriate learning; Absence of good role model; Strong presence of inappropriate model

Enumerate seven (7) "reasons for the commission of deviant behavior":

Negative peer influence; Dangerous drugs; Volatile adolescence

Enumerate three (3) common causes of deviant behaviors: