Ch 16: Adaptive Immunity

innate immunity

mechanisms present from birth

erythromycin

inhibits 50S

ciprofloxacin

inhibits DNA gyrase

polymyxin b

disrupts bacterial membrane

sulfonamide

inhibits folic acid

vancomycin

inhibits bacterial cell wall

rifampin

inhibits rna polymerase

tetracycline

inhibits 30S

t cell

child is born without thymus; which immune cell is most directly affected?

eosinophil

which white blood cell is elevated during parasitic infection?

adaptive immunity

mechanisms that develop after exposure to an antigen

complex and slow development

cross regulated defense network

antigen

anything that can elicit an immune response

epitope

antigenic determinant

specific binding site on antigen

true

t/f not all antigens are immunogens but all immunogens are antigens

proteins

what kind of biological molecule is the strongest immunogen?

antigenicity

measures how well an antigen elicits a response

large small complex

() antigens are better than () antigens but also have to be ()

hapten

small molecule that can’t elicit an immune response unless attached to a larger carrier protein

1) encounter microbes at infection site

2) digest the microbes (phagocytosis)

3) present antigen on major histocompatibility complex proteins

process of antigen processing and presentation

1) APC engulfs microbe

2) APC presents antigen to helper T cells

3) helper t cell activation

4) b cell binds the same antigen

5) helper t cell activates b cell

which sequence correctly describes the events leading up to B cell activation?

helper t cell

links the two forms of adaptive immunity

determine whether antibody or cell mediated mechanisms will predominate in response to antigen

cytotoxic t cells

bind antigen presented on antigen presenting cells

upon activation, cytotoxic cells leave lymph node and find host cells presenting the same antigen

cytotoxic cells kill infected host cell

humoral immunity

immunity primarily dictated by antibodies and plasma cells (b cell)

cell mediated immunity

immunity dictated by t cells detecting antigen

can stimulate b cells

helper t cell

which t cell subtype links humoral and cell mediated adaptive immunity?

kill infected host cells

cytotoxic t cell primary function is

Fc region

which antibody region activates the complement system?

igG

protects fetus

80% of serum antibodies

igA

common in mucous membranes, saliva, tears and breast milk

constant region of its heavy chain

antibody isotype is determined by which of the following?

blood infection

complement system primarily protects against

Only the heavy-chain constant region changes, while antigen specificity remains the same.

A B cell has already formed its unique antigen-binding site. It later undergoes an isotype switch from IgM to IgA.

CD4⁺ helper T cells

MHC class II molecules present antigens to:

Intracellular antigens

Which type of antigen is typically presented by MHC class I molecules?

CD28–B7

Which interaction provides the costimulatory signal required for TH0 activation?

Antibodies are mainly IgM because class switching does not occur.

A major characteristic of T cell-independent B-cell activation is:

Heavy-chain class switching

Which event occurs during T cell-dependent, but not T cell-independent, B-cell activation?

IL-2

Which cytokine provides the third signal for full activation of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells?