Fish Respiration

Gills

These are specialized structures where oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged.

Opercula

This covers the gills & prevents the backflow of water.

Gill Filaments

These are the respiratory surfaces of gills.

Secondary Lamella

These are microscopic projections where gas exchange takes place; increased surface area where gas is exchanged.

Counter Current Exchange

This occurs when the direction of blood flow through the lamella is opposite to the direction of water flow; ensures oxygen maximization.

Buccal Pumping

This is the pumping of the mouth & opercular cavities.

Ram Ventilation

This is the creation of a respiratory current by swimming with the mouth open.

lips

Enlarged _____________ help some fish gulp air.

gill chambers

Some fish have enlarged ____________________ that retain bubbles of air.

cutaneous

Some fish use _________________ respiration to get more oxygen

Labryinth

These are vascularized chambers in the rear of the head that help with oxygen uptake (Betta).

The bladder expands; increase buoyancy.

When a fish goes up (low pressure), what happens to the bladder?

The bladder compresses; decreased buoyancy.

When a fish goes down (high pressure), what happens to the bladder?

Gulping and burping air (pneumatic duct)

How to Physostomous fish adjust bladder volume?

Penumatic Duct

This is the connection between the gut & swim bladder.

Physoclistous fish

These fish do not have a pneumatic duct.

Rete Mirable

In Physoclistous fish, this is a complex of capillaries that extract oxygen from the blood, & release it into the swim bladder.

Gas Gland

In Physoclistous fish, this releases lactic acid & carbon dioxide; acidifies blood & causes hemoglobin to release oxygen molecules.

Ovale

In Physoclistous fish, this is a muscular valve that releases oxygen to the blood.

oil-filled

Chondrichthyes have a large, __________________ liver.

oil; fat

Deep-sea fishes have deposits of light _______ or _______ in the swim bladder.