Untitled Flashcards Set

What is an excise tax?

A tax on manufactured goods, such as whiskey.

What is the National Bank?

A private entity with government ownership of stock; a key conflict between Hamilton and Jefferson.

What was revolutionary war debt?

Funding all debt at face value, including bonds, to pay off all debt and interest.

What is the significance of tariffs?

Taxes on foreign goods designed to raise revenue for the government and protect American industries.

What is the Great Compromise?

The creation of a bicameral Congress with the Senate having equal representation and the House based on population.

What is Judicial Review?

The Supreme Court's authority to declare laws unconstitutional, significantly increasing its power.

What does Article I of the Constitution establish?

The Legislative Branch of the U.S. government.

What is the main role of the President?

The Commander in Chief and executor of the law, but cannot make laws or declare war.

Define Embargo Act.

An 1807 act that ended all U.S. importation and exportation, aimed at pressuring France and Britain.

What was the Market Revolution?

Development of a modern, integrated economy in the U.S. stimulated by improvements in transportation, manufacturing, and agriculture.

What was the purpose of the Erie Canal?

To link western farms with eastern manufacturing, leading to a flurry of canal construction.

What did Eli Whitney invent?

Interchangeable parts and the cotton gin, transforming agriculture and the industrial sector.

What was the Ban on importation of slaves?

An 1808 act poorly enforced, leading to the continued smuggling of slaves into the U.S.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

A 1820 agreement to maintain the balance of slave and free states, admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

What is Republican Motherhood?

The idea that mothers influence political ideas by educating their sons in the principles of liberty.

What is the Cult of True Womanhood?

A societal belief that women should embody moral and cultural values and fulfill domestic roles.

What was the Depression of 1819?

A financial crisis caused by declining agricultural prices, leading to foreclosures and public anger towards banks.

What was the Indian Removal Policy?

A state effort to force Cherokee relocation, resulting in the Trail of Tears after legal challenges.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The forced march of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma, resulting in thousands of deaths.

What was Jackson's Veto of the Bank?

Andrew Jackson vetoed the renewal of the Bank of the U.S. charter sought by Congress.

What was the Nullification Crisis?

A dispute over South Carolina's right to nullify an unpopular federal tariff.

Who was John C. Calhoun?

A Southern politician advocating for states' rights and nullification, initially a nationalist.

What was the 2nd Great Awakening?

A series of religious revivals that emphasized salvation through good deeds and led to social reform.

Who was Lyman Beecher?

A leader of the Second Great Awakening, advocating for moral reforms and criticized alcohol consumption.

What was the Temperance movement?

A reform movement urging moderation and eventually total prohibition of alcohol.

Who was Horace Mann?

The 'Father of Modern Public Education', he championed tax-funded and secular schooling.

Who was Dorothea Dix?

An activist who advocated for the humane treatment of the mentally ill and prison reform.

What was abolition?

The campaign to end slavery in the United States.

Who was William Lloyd Garrison?

An abolitionist and journalist known for publishing The Liberator, advocating for the end of slavery.

Who was Frederick Douglass?

An escaped slave and prominent abolitionist who wrote his autobiography and founded an anti-slavery newspaper.

What was David Walker's Appeal?

An 1829 work arguing against the dehumanization of enslaved Americans and promoting resistance.

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

The first national women's rights convention, held in 1848, to discuss women's conditions.

What was the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments?

A petition for women's rights modeled on the Declaration of Independence, organized by Stanton and Mott.

Who were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

Activists who organized the first women's rights convention and co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association.

What is Manifest Destiny?

The belief that America was destined to expand its boundaries across the continent.

What was the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?

The treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California.

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

A bill proposed to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico, though it never passed.

What is Popular Sovereignty?

The principle that the people of a territory should determine the status of slavery within that territory.

What was the Omnibus Bill?

Henry Clay's failed compromise submitted as a package addressing multiple issues related to slavery.

What was the Compromise of 1850?

A series of laws aimed at resolving issues related to slavery, including admitting California as a free state.

What was Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin?

A novel depicting the horrors of slavery, influential in shaping public opinion against it.

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

A law that made it a crime to assist runaway slaves, enforcing their return to slaveholders.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

An act that created Kansas and Nebraska as states, allowing them to determine their slavery status via popular sovereignty.

What was the American Party?

A political organization opposing immigration, created by the Know-Nothings after the 1852 election.

Who was John C. Fremont?

The first Republican presidential candidate opposed to slavery; known as 'The Pathfinder'.

What was the Dred Scott Decision?

A Supreme Court ruling stating that slaves are property and do not gain freedom by moving to free territories.

What was John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry?

An unsuccessful attempt by John Brown to initiate a slave rebellion, viewed as a catalyst for the Civil War.

What was the significance of the 1860 Election?

A pivotal election on the slavery issue, leading to Lincoln's victory and southern secession.

What were Indentured Servants?

Colonists who worked for a certain number of years in exchange for free passage to America.

What were Puritans?

Non-separatist reformers who sought to purify the Church of England and settled in Massachusetts.

Who was John Winthrop?

Founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and its governor for 12 years.

What is the Model on Christian Charity?

A sermon by John Winthrop emphasizing community and Biblical adherence.

How does a bill pass in Congress?

It must pass as the same wording in both houses by simple majority and be signed by the president.

Who is Dr. Curran's favorite president?

Abraham Lincoln.

Who is Dr. Curran's least favorite president?

Andrew Johnson.