Germany: Development of Dictatorship, 1918-1945

Flashcards about the development of dictatorship in Germany from 1918-1945. These flashcards will help you study for your IGCSE History exam.

What event occurred on October 25, 1918, in Kiel, Germany?

Naval commanders at Kiel ordered sailors to fight, leading to mutiny.

What significant event occurred on November 11, 1918, ending World War I?

The Armistice was signed.

When were the first elections held for the Weimar parliament?

January 1919

What major change happened to the German Workers’ Party in 1920?

Hitler became leader; party renamed the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi Party).

What organization did Hitler found in 1921?

Hitler founded the SA.

What event took place on November 8-9, 1923?

Munich Putsch.

What were the Nazi's gains in the May 1928 elections?

Nazis won 12 seats in Reichstag and 2.6% of the vote in the election.

What major economic event began in 1930?

The Great Depression started.

Who persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor on January 30, 1933?

Von Papen persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor.

What event occurred on February 27, 1933, that was used to consolidate Nazi power?

Reichstag Fire

What act, passed in March 1933, granted Hitler dictatorial powers?

The Enabling Act

What was the name given to the purge of SA leaders and other political opponents in June 1934?

Night of the Long Knives.

What event occurred in August 1934 that consolidated Hitler's power as head of state?

Hindenburg dies and Hitler becomes Fuhrer head of state.

What was the term given to the organized wave of violence against Jewish people and property in November 1938?

Kristallnacht

When did Germany invade Poland, initiating World War II?

September 1939

What conference in 1942 outlined the 'Final Solution'?

The Wannsee Conference

What speech was given by Goebbels in February 1943 to commit the German public to the war effort?

‘Total War’ speech

What was the name of the assassination attempt against Hitler in July 1944?

The July Plot

When did Germany finally surrender, ending World War II in Europe?

2nd May

What events led to the recovery of Germany, 1924-1929?

The work of Stresemann, Rentenmark, Dawes and Young Plans, US loans and the recovery of the Germany economy and Successes abroad – League of Nations, Locarno Treaties and Kellogg-Briand Pact.

What events allowed for the creation of Nazi Germany 1933-1939?

Setting up the Nazi dictatorship through the Reichstag Fire, Enabling Act, Night of the Long Knives and Hitler as Fuhrer.

What was the Nazi policy towards Jews during the Second World War?

Nazi policies towards the Jews, including ghettos, death squads and the Final Solution.

How was Germany defeated in WWI?

After four years of stalemate due to the successful British naval blockade of German ports. This meant that Germany was running out of food and vital war supplies like rubber and oil.

The trigger for the German Revolution was ___

The loss of WWI.

What was the action that forced the Kaiser to Abdicate

the German Navy at Kiel mutinied

What where the government officials and those who signed the armistice known by?

‘stabbed in the back ‘by the November Criminals.

What weaknesses did the new Weimar constitution have?

That the system of proportional representation gave parties seats in the Reichstag (parliament), according to the percentage of votes they received and Article 48 of the consitution.

What Main therms of Treaty of Versailles?

Military – Germany was only able to have an army of 100,000 men, Reparations – Germany was made to agree to pay reparations , War guilt clause– Germany was made to take sole responsibility for starting the war and Territorial loss – Germany lost 13% of her European territory

The German government were shocked by __.

the harshness of the treaty.

What challenges did the Weimar Republic face from the left and right-wing?

LEFT WING THREAT – Spartacus League RIGHT WING THREAT Ebert tried to disband two Freikorps units.

What were the economic crisis that hit Germany?

1) RUHR INVASION AND 2) HYPERINFLATION

How did Stresemann end the hyperinflation crisis?

November 1923 he introduced a new currency, the Rentenmark, as a temporary solution.

What international agreement did Germany Join in 1926?

Germany joined the League of Nations.

After becoming German chancellor, what was Hitler aiming to achieve?

To ensure that they would be able to gain absolute power.

What did the Nazis do to make themselves more popular 1929-32?

That Hjalmar Schacht was introduced to reduce unemployment and cuts down the number of products imported by Germany.
And then from 1936, Hermann Goering was made responsible for the “Four Year Plan” to prepare Germany for war.