Semester one Anatomy Study Guide

Oncology

Study of cancers

Immunology

Study of the body resistance to infectious diseases

Cytology

Study of cells

Cardiology

study of heart diseases

Phlebotomy

study of the practice of drawing blood

Dermatology

Study of the skin and its diseases

Pediatrics

Study of children and their diseases

Urology

Study of the urinary tract

Define anatomy

The study of structures and shapes of structure, their relationships to one another

Main function of the digestive system

Breaks down ingested food

Main function of the Nervous system

Response to internal and external stimuli

Main function of the Endocrine system

Hormones of growth, reproduction, metabolism

Main function of the Muscular system

produce movement, posture, stabilize joints, generate heat

Define homeostasis

Body ability to maintain constant internal conditions

Describe the anatomical position

Standard position, body erect, feet parallel, palms outwards

Superior

Towards head

Inferior

away from head

Superficial

At the body surface

deep

away from body surface

Proximal

close to attachment

distal

farther from attachment

lateral

away from mid-line

medial

close to mid-line

What cells would you expect to see in gap junctions

in heart, adjacent cells

what is the purpose of the proteins in the cell membrane

help things move through membrane

what organelle packages and delivers proteins

golgi body

which organelle destroys worn out cell parts

lysosomes

what is the main function of the endoplamic reticulum

network channels for transport within cytoplasm

what part of the cell controls what leaves and enters the cell

cell membrane

which organanelle releases energy from food molecules

mitocondria

what is the main function of peroxissomes? which cells are they abundant in

detoxify cells, liver

list the order of events in a cells life cycle

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telaphase, cytokinesis

what is the difference between active and passive transport

active needs transport, passive doesnt

define tissue

similar cells with common purpose

what are the four major tissue types

epithelial, connective, muscular, neural

which type of tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body

connective, because of weight

T or F. epithelial tissue covers all free body surfaces and lines the hollow cavities of organs

true

T or F. epithelial tissue has a good supply of blood vessels

False

T or F. epithelial tissue is made up of cells that do not reproduce readily

false

how are epithelial tissues classified

by shape of the cells and number of layers

what type of epithelial tissue can be found in areas subject to stretching

simple

what is the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissues

simple is one layer, stratified is many layers

what are the five main types of connective tissue

blood, cartilage, dense, loose, bone

____ is the liquid matrix in blood tissue

plasma

T or F. Connective tissue is well supplied with blood vessels

True

T or F. connective tissue functions to support, protect and bind together body tissues

True

What is the function of a tendon and a ligament

Tendon is bone to muscle, ligament is bone to bone

What type of connective tissue forms the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin

Adipose

What are some of the vital functions of the skin?

body temp regulation, protection, vitamin d, sensation, excretion

What does the hypodermis consist of?

adipose tissue

What part of the skin is associated with arrector pili muscles?

Hair follicles

What is the infection of the sebaceous glands?

acne

What is the cancer of pigment cells called?

malignant melanoma

What is the fungus infection between toes

athletes foot

what are fluid filled blisters caused by herpes simplex virus

cold sores

what are bedsores

decubitus ulcers

sweat glands that are found in the axillary and genitals areas is called what?

apocrine

list in order to outermost to innermost, the layers in the epidermis

corneum, lucidum granulosum, spinosum, basale

what layer of the skin has pigment melanin

stratium basale

why is the pigment melanin in the skin important

protection from uv rays

what layer of the skin contains sweat and oil glands

dermis

what layer of the skin contains adipose cells

hypodermis

what are finger\=like projections of the dermis into the epidermis that produce the pattern for fingerprints called? Where is this layer located

dermal papillac, dermis

What is the importance of sebaceous glands?

keeps skin and hair soft and flexable. kills bacteria

What is a sebaceous gland

oil

what is a sudoriferous gland

sweat

What is a first degree burn

red, swollen, only epidermis damaged

What are some of the vital functions of the skin?

body temp regulation, protection, vitamin d, sensation, excretion

What does the hypodermis consist of?

adipose tissue

What part of the skin is associated with arrector pili muscles?

Hair follicles

What is the infection of the sebaceous glands?

acne

What is the cancer of pigment cells called?

malignant melanoma

What is the fungus infection between toes

athletes foot

what are fluid filled blisters caused by herpes simplex virus

cold sores

what are bedsores

decubitus ulcers

sweat glands that are found in the axillary and genitals areas is called what?

apocrine

list in order to outermost to innermost, the layers in the epidermis

corneum, lucidum granulosum, spinosum, basale

what layer of the skin has pigment melanin

stratium basale

why is the pigment melanin in the skin important

protection from uv rays

what layer of the skin contains sweat and oil glands

dermis

what layer of the skin contains adipose cells

hypodermis

what are finger\=like projections of the dermis into the epidermis that produce the pattern for fingerprints called? Where is this layer located

dermal papillac, dermis

What is the importance of sebaceous glands?

keeps skin and hair soft and flexable. kills bacteria

What is a sebaceous gland

oil

what is a sudoriferous gland

sweat

What is a first degree burn

red, swollen, only epidermis damaged

what is a second degree burn

blisters, injures epidermis

what is thrid degree burns

destroys entire skin

what are 3 functions of the skeletal system

support, movement, storage

a long bone consists of the __ __and the__ ____. bone growth occurs between these two areas in something called the__ ___

diapithesis, epithesis, plate

what type of bones are vertebrae

irregular

what type of bones, according to shape, are the arm and leg bones

long

what type of bones, according to shape are the skull bones

flat

red bone morrow produces

blood cells

yellow bone marrow stores

fat

what is the importance of the epiptheseal plate in bone

growth site

Describe a compact bone

Dense, smooth and homogeneous

Describe spongy bone

Needle like bone pieces within open space

Which type of bone fracture is most common in the elderly, and what is the break

comminuted, broken in many small pieces

describe a green stick break

bent not fully broken