Afro-American Music Exam 3

The Harlem Renaissance is

called the New Negro Movement

considered the first wave of the Great Migration

the purpose of the HR was

to prove to Nations that the Negro was equivalent in intellect as white people and to prove that the black race supersedes whites in the arts

High Arts

literature, visual arts, drama, dance, and music

definition of the “six”

a group of highly intelligent and distinguished thinkers, strivers, doers, and planners

who were the “six”

Jessie Redmond Fauset

Charles S. Johnson

Casper Holstein

Alain Locke

Walter White

James Weldon Johnson

which of the six was a New York mobster?

Casper Holstein

what was the “six’s” mission?

they sought to refine the common vernacular that had surrounded the life and expressions of the Negro for many years

and establish a community that would perpetually be seen as a highly polished and well advanced race

people attended ____ in order to witness black talent

concert halls, operas, theater stages, arts galleries, and other high class venues

musical artists in the High Arts

Florence Price - composer

Paul Robeson - vocalist

William Grant Still - composer

Marian Anderson - singer

Harry T Burleigh - composer

black people migrated to Harlem from

the American South and West Indies

additional category of the arts

Social Arts

night spots of Harlem

• Cotton Club - black people were hired for entertainment but couldn’t sit to watch

• The Savoy Ballroom - big elegant ballroom

• Connie’s Inn - very cozy and mainly showcased Jazz

• The Apollo Theatre

rent parties

quick parties people threw in order to pay rent

speakeasy

also called blindpigs; places to buy concealed alcohol

population boom can be attributed to these causes

• the refinement of the city transit system

• the Phillip Payton project - two white men got in an argument so one of them sold it to a black man to piss off the other one

• opportunities of affordable living for the Negro

• speakeasies

• Word of Mouth

the glitz and glamour era

began in early 1920s and ended in the mid 1930s due to:

• the stock market crash

• end of prohibition laws

• the invention of the jukebox and rise of movie cinemas

• many black entertainers were no longer needed for hire

artists of the Social Arts - Band Leaders

Cab Callaway

Duke Ellington

Count Basie

Chic Webb

artists of the Social Arts - Instrumentalists

Lionel Hampton (vibraphone)

Don Redman (Saxophonist)

Louis Armstrong (Trumpet)

Fletcher Henderson (Pianist)

artists of the Social Arts - Vocalists

Nat King Cole

Billie Holiday

Billy Eckstine

Florence Mills

artists of the Social Arts - Entertainers

Fats Waller

Dorothy Dandridge

Lena Horn

Eubie Blake

Noble Sissle

Ethel Waters

patronage

Madam CJ Walker’s daughter, A’Lelia Walker, provided venues for aspiring Negros and hosted large soirées to make connections between them

______ was the popular music of this era

Swing Jazz

who was the white man that took from Black music?

George Gershwin - Jewish composer that was inspired by jazz, blues, and ragtime from being around black people; wrote an all-black cast opera called Porgy and Bess

where was early gospel performed

large tent revivals, National Conventions of Convocations, other mass religious by touring evangelists

the sound of gospel was described as

“rich moans, females voices singing with a full chest voice, men singing in falsetto”

Father of Gospel

Thomas Dorsey - famous hymn: Precious Lord Take My Hand

what city was the focal sector of gospel?

Chicago

what does the word Gospel mean?

good news

Edwin Hawkins

wrote and recorded Oh Happy Day in 1969

mass choir influencers

James Cleveland and Edwin Hawkins