The origins and rise of nationalist and independence movements in the Indian sub continent

1947

when India gained independence

1857

Indian Uprising

1858

British Gov take control from East India Company

1885

Indian National Congress formed

1905

first partition of Bengal

1909

Morely reforms make concessions to nationalism

1914

1st world war begins

1919

Amrisar massacare

1929

wall street crash leads to start of great depression

East India Company

______ created trading posts along the coast of India and then gradually encroached inwards

princely states

Areas that remained under the control of heredity Indian rule who the British signed treaties with

Viceroy

British admin/officials that ruled India in place of a king

Benefits the British brought

• efficient administration

• Railways

• Judicial systems

• Western education for some (wealthy)

James L

• stated that the British must rule their asiatic subjects because British were their natural superiors

Thomas Metcalf

• British regarded the cast system as a concrete measure that could fit people into a hierarchy

• Could be quantified by reports and surveys

British benefits of controlling India

• tax money

• Raw materials

• India was a mass importer of British goods

• Solders

• Source of indentured servants

Thomas Metcalf

• the plight of Indians was critical stimulant to Indian nationalism

Jawaharla Nehru

• British rule was about superiority of the “master race”

• Indians as individuals and as a nation were subject to insult, humiliation, and contemptuous treatment

Indian National Congress

• formed by wealthy Hindus

• Mainly used petitions

• At first represented interests of wealthy middle class and didn’t have mass support

• Didn’t want end to British rule, rather wanted more representation

1906

Muslim League created to represent their interests

Bengal petition

• British wanted to petition Bengal to make it easer to rule

• Divided Bengal by religion and language

• Seen as a move to undermine Hindu position and weaken Bengal nationalism

Amritsar masacar

• nationwide strikes and protests

• Croudd of 5000 gathered at Amritsar where British fired into the crowd and killed unarmed children and women

• Dyer (the general) was hailed home as a hero

Wall Street crash

• indias exports declined

• Loss of jobs and industry

Gov. Of India act

• agriculture, heath, education given to Indian ministries

  • Only 10% given suffrage