Chapter 49

Epistaxis

Bleeding from the nose, caused by congestion, trauma, or irritation.

Upper Airway Obstruction

A medical emergency caused by trauma, choking, or spasms, indicated by alterations in breathing.

Acute Rhinitis

An inflammatory condition of the nasal mucous membranes, known as the common cold.

Follicular Tonsillitis

Acute inflammation of the tonsils often caused by a bacterial infection, leading to sore throat and fever.

Laryngitis

An inflammation of the larynx causing hoarseness, voice loss, or a persistent cough.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the throat, often causing sore throat and tender tonsils.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinuses, can be viral or bacterial, characterized by headaches and nasal pain.

Pneumonia

An inflammatory process in the lungs caused by infections that can lead to cough, fever, and chest pain.

Pulmonary Edema

An accumulation of fluid in the lungs, often presenting with pink frothy sputum and dyspnea.

Pulmonary Embolism

A blockage in the pulmonary artery caused by blood clots, leading to chest pain and shortness of breath.

Atelectasis

Collapse of lung tissue resulting in impaired gas exchange, commonly a postoperative complication.

Pleural Effusion

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that can lead to dyspnea and requires thoracentesis.

Chronic Bronchitis

A long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes leading to cough and sputum production.

Tuberculosis (TB)

A chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs.