Human Biology and Nutrition Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering human anatomy systems, nutritional science concepts, and metabolic measurements based on the lecture syllabus.

Digestive System

The physiological system responsible for the intake of food, its breakdown into nutrients, and the absorption of those nutrients into the body.

Nutrition

The study or process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.

Food Pyramid

A visual representation designed to guide healthy eating by showing the recommended intake for various food groups.

Three Nutrient Groups

The set of primary organic compounds providing energy and building materials for the body: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Vitamins

Organic compounds required by the body in small amounts for various metabolic processes and maintenance of health.

Minerals

Inorganic substances needed by the human body to perform functions such as building bones and transmitting nerve impulses.

Dietary Patterns

Specific forms of nutrition or food choices adopted by individuals for health, ethical, or personal reasons.

Eating Disorder

A range of psychological conditions that cause unhealthy eating habits to develop, such as anorexia or bulimia.

Nutrient Tables

Documentation providing detailed information on the specific nutritional content found in different types of food.

Ingredient List

A declaration on food packaging that identifies every substance used in the manufacturing of the product.

Energy Requirement

The total amount of energy an individual needs daily to maintain body functions and support physical activity.

Calories

A unit of energy used to express the energy value of food, often used to calculate total energy intake.

Basal Metabolic Rate

The amount of energy the body requires to maintain basic life-sustaining functions while at complete rest.

Active Metabolic Rate

The additional energy expended by the body during physical and mental activity beyond the basal metabolic rate.

Body Mass Index ($BMI$)

A numerical value of a person's weight in relation to their height, calculated using the formula $BMI = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{height}^2}$ in units of $kg\,m^{-2}$.

Excretory System

The biological system responsible for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body.

Circulatory System

The system that transports blood, nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells Throughout the body.

Respiratory System

The group of organs and tissues that allow for gas exchange, specifically taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

Immune System and Vaccinations

The body's defense mechanism against pathogens and the medical use of vaccines to stimulate protective immunity.

Bones

Rigid organs that form part of the skeletal system, providing structure, protection, and movement.

Muscles

Soft tissues that contract to produce force and motion, essential for all bodily movements.