GOVERNMENT - CHAPTER THREE - MULTIPLE CHOICE

WHAT IS FEDERALISM

A SYSTEM THAT DIVIDES POWER BETWEEN NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS

WHAT IS THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FEDERALISM AND SEPARATION OF POWERS

FEDERALISM DIVIDES POWER BETWEEN LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT, SEPARATION DEVIDES POWER AMONG BRANCHES

WHICH RESPONSIBILITY GENERALLY BELONGS TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

NATIONAL DEFENSE

WHICH POWERS ARE SPECIFICALLY GIVEN TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BY THE CONSTITUTION

ENUMERATED POWERS

WHICH CLAUSE ALLOWS CONGRESS TO MAKE LAWS NECESSARY AND PROPER FOR CARRYING OUT ITS CONSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE

WHAT DOES THE TENTH AMENDMENT ESTABLISH

STATES’ RESERVED POWERS

WHICH IS AN EXAMPLE OF A CONCURRENT POWER

COLLECTING TAXES

WHAT DOES THE SUPREMACY CLAUSE ESTABLISH

FEDERAL LAW IS SUPREME WHEN ITS CONSTITUTIONAL AND CONFLICTS WITH STATE LAW

WHAT DOES THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS PROTECT AGAINST

UNLAWFUL DETENTION

WHICH ACTION IS PROHIBITED TO BOTH THE FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS

PASSING EX POST FACTO LAWS

WHAT DID THE CONSTITUTION’S FEDERAL FRAMEWORK ALLOW

GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS FLEXIBILITY IN DETERMINING BALANCE BETWEEN STATE / NATIONAL POWER

WHAT WAS THE MAJOR ISSUE IN MCCULLOCH V MARYLAND

WHETHER CONGRESS COULD CREATE A NATIONAL BANK, WHETHER MARYLAND COULD TAX IT

WHAT IMPORTANT PRINCIPLE DID MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND ESTABLISH

CONGRESS HAD IMPLIED POWERS AND STATES COULD NOT INTERFERE W/ LEGITIMATE FEDERAL ACTIONS

WHAT DID GIBBONS V. OGDEN STRENGTHEN

FEDERAL AUTHORITY OVER INTERSTATE COMMERCE

WHAT IS NULLIFICATION

IDEA THAT STATES CAN REJECT FEDERAL LAWS THEY BELIEVE ARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL

What caused the Nullification Crisis of the 1830s?

Disagreement over tariffs

What was dual federalism?

State and national governments exercised authority in clearly separated areas

What was cooperative federalism?

States and the national government worked together on policy problems

What was new federalism primarily intended to accomplish?

Return some authority and flexibility to state governments

Which presidents were strongly associated with new federalism?

Nixon and Reagan

Why does the federal government use grants

To encourage state and local governments to pursue national goals

What were the primary federal grants during the first half of the 1800s

Land grants

What is a categorial grant

Federal funding designated for specific purposes with significant restrictions

What is a block grant

A grant that gives states and local governments greater flexibility in spending federal funds

Which type of grant historically provided recipients with the least restrictions

General revenue sharing

Why does the federal government generally prefer categorial grants

They give the federal government greater control over how money is used

What is creeping categorization

Government adding restrictions to block grants or replacing them with categorial grants

What program Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1996

TANF

What is an unfunded mandate

A federal requirement on state or local governments w/o paying costs

Which law is an example of unfunded mandate

Clean Air Act

What is competitive federalism

System which states and government sometimes compete over policy authority

What is immigration federalism

States increasingly becoming involved in immigration policy

What did Arizona Senate Bill 1070 attempt to do

Make it more difficult to for undocumented immigrants to remain in Arizona

What did the Supreme Court decide in Arizona v. United States (2012)

Federal authority over immigration was supreme, only one major provision of Arizona’s law was upheld

What was the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)

Federal law that defined marriage, affected federal recognition of same-sex marriages

What did United States v. Windsor determine

Federal government could not deny federal recognition, benefits to legally marry same-sex couples

What did Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) establish

Same-sex marriage is a constitutionally protected right nationwide

What is venue shopping

Interest groups choosing level of branch of government most likely to support their goals

Why did Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) turn to federal government

State governments were unwilling to raise the drinking age

How did the federal government encourage states to raise the drinking age

Threatened to reduce federal highway funding for states that didn’t comply

What is an advantage of federalism

Allows states to experiment with different policies

Why is federalism sometimes described as allowing states to act as “laboratories”

States can experiment w/ new policies that other states or federal government may later adopt

How can federalism increase political participation

People have opportunities to influence policy at multiple levels of government

What is one benefit of having different policies among states

States can address the specific needs and preferences of their populations

What is one major disadvantage of federalism

Economic disparities can exist between states

What does “race to the bottom” describe

States competing for businesses by lowering taxes & regulations

Why can federalism make solving national problems more difficult

Different states may have different policies and priorities

What is one concern about economic differences between states

Residents may receive significantly different levels of education, health care, and other services

How can federalism create problems with national responses to major issues

State / federal governments may disagree about who has authority / what policies should be used

Which statement best summarizes the major trade-off of federalism

Allows flexibility, diversity, & policy experimentation. Can create inequality, make national action more difficult