Nelson Biology 11 Chapter 4 (Mitosis & Meiosis)

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Genetics

Study of heredity and variation of inherited characteristics

Chromosome

Thread like structure found in the nucleus

Gene

segment of DNA molecule that codes for a particular trait

Locus

Location of a gene on a chromosome

Polyploid

having more than two sets of chromosomes (like many plants do)

Asexual Reproduction

Production of offspring from single parent, genetic makeup is identical to parent

Sexual Reproduction

Production of offspring from fusion of two sex cells

Chromatin

Thread like structures, composed of DNA and Protein

Sister Chromatid

identical copy of a chromosome, remains attached to other chromosome at the centromere

Interphase (G1)

The first growth stage. Cells making more cytoplasm and organelles

Interphase (S)

DAN is copied and replicated. The chromosomes are replicated into sister chromatids

Interphase (G2)

After DNA has been copied, all cell division structures that are needed are created.

Prophase

Chromosomes become visible
Centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
spindle fibres attach to the centromere of each chromosome

Metaphase

Chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibres and are lined up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Centromeres divide and sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell

Telophase

Chromosomes begin to unwind.
Spindle fibres dissolve.

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasm divides and forms 2 new cells

Biotechnology

The use and modification of organisms for applications in engineering, industry or medicine

Gametes

a sex cell (males are sperm, females are egg)