Ch 47 Final exam 40 practice questions

Which of the following defines acute diarrhea according to the sources? a) Passage of 2 or more loose stools per day lasting up to 7 days. b) Passage of 3 or more loose stools per day lasting 14 days or less. c) Passage of any loose stools over a 30-day period. d) Passage of 3 or more loose stools per day lasting more than 14 days.

b

What is identified as the primary cause of diarrhea in the United States? a) Food intolerances. b) Malabsorption syndromes. c) Infectious organisms. d) Laxative abuse

c

According to the sources, which organism is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea? a) Escherichia coli O157:H7 b) Giardia lamblia c) Clostridioides difficile d) Salmonella typhi

c

Which of the following factors is listed as increasing a patient's susceptibility to diarrhea? a) High gastric acidity. b) Intact intestinal microflora. c) Use of proton pump inhibitors. d) Increased dietary fiber intake.

c

A patient presents with severe diarrhea. The nurse knows to closely monitor for which life-threatening complications? a) Hypertension and hypokalemia. b) Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis. c) Hypernatremia and respiratory alkalosis. d) Fluid overload and hyperglycemia.

b

Which diagnostic study is considered essential for identifying infectious pathogens in a patient with diarrhea? a) Blood cultures. b) WBC count. c) Stool cultures. d) Serum creatinine.

c

When managing diarrhea, what action should be taken regarding fluid and electrolyte replacement? a) Restrict fluid intake to prevent further stool loss. b) Administer IV fluids and electrolytes as needed. c) Provide only clear liquids orally. d) Encourage highly seasoned foods.

b

What is a key infection control precaution for healthcare workers dealing with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)? a) Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers only. b) Wear masks and face shields at all times. c) Perform meticulous hand washing with soap and water. d) Disinfect surfaces with ammonia-based cleaners

c

Which medication class is generally used with caution in patients with diarrhea, as it can prolong exposure to organisms or cause toxic megacolon in IBD patients? a) Antibiotics. b) Antidiarrheals. c) Antiemetics. d) Proton pump inhibitors.

b

For a patient with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) who is experiencing recurrent episodes, what alternative treatment may be considered according to the source? a) Long-term antibiotic therapy with metronidazole. b) Surgical resection of the affected bowel. c) Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). d) High-fiber diet and laxatives

c

A nurse is assessing a patient with diarrhea. Which objective data finding would indicate dehydration? a) Bradycardia and hypertension. b) Moist mucous membranes and bounding pulses. c) Dry skin, orthostatic changes, and decreased, concentrated urine. d) Weight gain and decreased thirst.

c

What is a crucial aspect of patient teaching for individuals with infectious diarrhea regarding hygiene? a) Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers exclusively. b) Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after bowel movements. c) Avoiding contact with family members. d) Limiting fluid intake to reduce stool volume

b

The sources indicate that patients at risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) include those receiving which type of drugs? a) Pain relievers. b) Anti-inflammatory drugs. c) Gastric acid-suppressing drugs. d) Anticoagulants.

c

What is the approximate survival time for Clostridioides difficile spores? a) Up to 24 hours. b) Up to 7 days. c) Up to 30 days. d) Up to 70 days.

d

What is the most common age range for appendicitis? a) 5 to 10 years. b) 10 to 30 years. c) 30 to 50 years. d) Over 50 years

b

What is the primary cause of appendicitis, as described in the sources? a) Viral infection. b) Dietary factors. c) Luminal obstruction. d) Genetic predisposition.

c

A patient with appendicitis typically presents with initial pain in which area? a) Right lower quadrant (RLQ). b) Left lower quadrant (LLQ). c) Dull periumbilical area. d) Left upper quadrant (LUQ).

c

What classic sign of appendicitis is described as persistent pain located in the right lower quadrant at McBurney's point? a) Cullen's sign. b) Grey Turner's spots. c) Rebound tenderness. d) Asterixis.

c

Which diagnostic study is preferred for diagnosing appendicitis? a) X-ray. b) Ultrasound (US). c) CT scan. d) MRI.

c

The primary treatment for appendicitis is: a) Antibiotic therapy. b) Pain management and observation. c) Appendectomy. d) Bowel rest.

c

In the preoperative care for a patient with appendicitis, what is a crucial nursing intervention to prevent complications? a) Encouraging a high-fiber diet. b) Keeping the patient NPO (nothing by mouth). c) Administering oral analgesics. d) Promoting early ambulation.

b

If the appendix has ruptured, what specific medication class would be administered intravenously in the postoperative period? a) Antiemetics. b) Laxatives. c) Antibiotics. d) Corticosteroids

c

A positive Rovsing sign in a patient suspected of appendicitis is characterized by: a) Pain with hip extension. b) Pain with internal rotation of the hip. c) Right lower quadrant pain elicited by palpation of the left lower quadrant. d) Right upper quadrant pain with deep inspiration.

c

What symptom, if present, suggests peritoneal irritation in appendicitis? a) Pain relief with vomiting. b) Decreased pain with coughing, sneezing, or deep breathing. c) Increased pain with coughing, sneezing, or taking a deep breath. d) Absence of fever.

c

What is the definition of diverticulosis? a) Inflammation of one or more diverticula. b) Multiple, noninflamed diverticula. c) Erosion of the bowel wall. d) Formation of an abscess in the colon.

b

Diverticula are most commonly found in which part of the colon? a) Right (ascending) colon. b) Transverse colon. c) Left (descending, sigmoid) colon. d) Cecum.

c

Which of the following is listed as a major risk factor for diverticulitis? a) High-fiber diet. b) Regular physical activity. c) Obesity and inactivity. d) Low alcohol consumption.

c

What is the typical clinical manifestation of acute diverticulitis? a) Pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ). b) Acute pain in the left lower quadrant (LLQ). c) Generalized abdominal pain relieved by eating. d) Absent bowel sounds with no abdominal distention.

b

What distinguishing characteristic may be present in older adults with diverticulitis, making diagnosis potentially challenging? a) Profound fever and severe abdominal pain. b) Afebrile with a normal WBC count, but possible abdominal tenderness. c) Significant weight loss and electrolyte imbalance. d) Acute onset of bloody diarrhea.

b

Which complication of diverticulitis involves erosion of the bowel wall? a) Abscess formation. b) Peritonitis. c) Bleeding. d) All of the above.

d

What is the preferred diagnostic study for diverticulitis? a) Colonoscopy. b) Barium enema. c) CT scan with oral contrast. d) Abdominal X-ray.

C

What is the primary goal of treatment for diverticulitis? a) Promote bowel motility. b) Encourage a high-fiber diet immediately. c) Provide bowel rest to reduce inflammation. d) Perform immediate surgical resection.

c

For home treatment of diverticulitis, what is recommended? a) A high-fat diet and increased activity. b) Clear liquids, bed rest, and analgesia. c) Solid foods as tolerated and no pain medication. d) Regular laxative use.

b

A patient with diverticulitis is advised to avoid activities that increase intraabdominal pressure. Which of the following activities would fall into this category? a) Light walking. b) Deep breathing exercises. c) Straining during bowel movements. d) Lying flat on the back.

c

What dietary recommendation is given for patients with diverticulosis to prevent diverticulitis? a) Low-fiber diet. b) High-fat diet. c) High-fiber diet. d) High-protein diet.

c

Which symptom is not typically associated with lower GI tract issues causing diarrhea, according to the source? a) Small-volume bloody diarrhea. b) Fever. c) Large-volume, watery stools. d) Abdominal pain

c

What is a specific nursing intervention for patients with acute diverticulitis to promote comfort? a) Administering a strong laxative. b) Applying a heating pad to the left lower quadrant. c) Encouraging highly seasoned foods. d) Promoting strenuous exercise

b

Which of the following causes of appendicitis can lead to gangrene and perforation if not treated? a) Venous engorgement. b) Accumulation of mucus and bacteria. c) Distention. d) All of the above.

d

If a patient with diverticulitis experiences complications or recurrent diverticulitis, what surgical option might be required? a) Appendectomy. b) Cholecystectomy. c) Surgical resection with anastomosis or a temporary colostomy. d) Gastrectomy.

c

When evaluating the expected outcomes for a patient with diverticulitis, what would be considered a positive outcome? a) Increased frequency of painful bowel movements. b) Complete resolution of inflammation and no recurrence. c) Continued abdominal distention and decreased bowel sounds. d) Development of an abscess.

b