Unit 1 - HA

What is the definition of anatomy?

The study of the structure of organisms and their parts

Who is considered the “Father of Anatomy”?

Herophilus (335-255bc)

• First to systematically dissect a human body

• Distinction of blood vessels from nervous system

• Brain as the seed of intellect

Which anatomist dissected only animals?

Galen (129-216ad)

• Furthered idea of brain as the seed of intellect, control of other organs

Who is considered the “Father of Modern Anatomy”?

Andreas Vesalius (1500s)

• De Humani Coporis Fabrica Libri Septem

  • 7 book volume of anatomy

• Highlighted importance of learning anatomy via dissection

• Skeleton as the structure of the body, NOT muscle

Representations of Anatomy

• Actual Image

• Color-coded Diagram

• Radiometric Imaging

**Use of real image and color-coded diagram in combination is most effective in understanding anatomy**

What are the four main categories of disease studied in this class?

1. Infectious disease

   • Caused by pathogens

   • Can cause structural changes

   • i.e. bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.

2. Deficiency disease

   • Lack of necessary component

   • Major structural changes

   • i.e. scurvy, goiter

3. Hereditary disease

   • Inherited; genetic

   • Structural and functional changes

   • i.e. CF, sickle cell, hemophilia, etc.

4. Physiological disease

   • i.e. diabetes, cancer, asthma, etc.

Compare and contrast anatomy and physiology.

Anatomy

• Study of ext./int. structures

• Naming parts / how they fit together

• Anatomy dictates physiology**

  • Specific anatomical structures have a specific physiological function

  • Form fits function

Physiology

• Study of how the body functions

• Homeostatic mechanisms

Homeostatic Mechanisms

How the body reacts to changes in conditions and tries to go back to some range of baseline values

What are the two subcategories of microscopic anatomy?

1. Cytology - the study of cells

2. Histology - the study of tissues

What are the three subcategories of gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)?

1. Surface anatomy - superficial marking and relation to int. structures

2. Clinical anatomy - changes during illness

3. Surgical anatomy - landmarks for surgical procedures

What is the definition of developmental anatomy?

Anatomical changes over the course of an organism’s lifespan; includes embryology

What is the definition of comparative anatomy?

Comparison of anatomy between taxa; evolutionary relation / synapomorphies

What are the anatomical structures shared between ALL vertebrates?

1. Dorsal hollow nerve cord

2. Notocord

3. Muscular tail

4. Endostile / thyroid gland

What are the four main types of tissue?

1. Epithelial

2. Connective

3. Muscle

4. Neural