ch 9 causes of acute kidney injury

aki classified as

prerenal

intrarenal

postrenal

all conditions that lead to prerenal failure

impair blood flow to kidneys

result in decreased gfr

intrarenal failure results from

damage to kidneys themselves

postrenal failure results from

obstructed urine flow

prerenal failure cardiovascular disorders causes

arrhythmias

cardiac tamponade

cardiogenic shock

heart failure

myocardial infarction

prerenal failure hypovolemia causes

burns

dehydration

diuretic overuse

hemorrhage

hypovolemic shock

trauma

prerenal failure peripheral vasodilation causes

antihypertensive drugs

sepsis

prerenal failure renovascular obstruction causes

arterial or pulmonary embolism

arterial or venous thrombosis

tumor

prerenal failure severe vasoconstriction causes

disseminated intravascular coagulation

eclampsia

malignant hypertension

vasculitis

intrarenal failure acute tubular necrosis

ischemic damage to renal tissue

nephrotoxins including NSAIDS like ibuprofen, aminoglycosides like tobramycin, and heavy metals like lead, radiographic contrast media, illicit drugs like heroin and organic solvents

obstetric complications like eclampsia

post-partum renal failure, septic abortion, uterine hemorrhage

myoglobin release from crush injury, myopathy, or rhabdomyolysis

renal ischemia from during surgery

other renal tissue disorders that lead to intrarenal failure

acute glomerulonephritis

acute interstitial nephritis

acute pyelonephritis

bilateral renal vein thrombosis

hemolytic uremic syndrome (pediatric)

malignant nephrosclerosis

papillary necrosis

periarteritis nodosa

renal cancer

sickle cell disease

systemic lupus erythematosus

vasculitis

postrenal failure bladder obstruction causes

anticholinergic drugs

autonomic nerve dysfunction

infection

trauma

tumor

postrenal failure ureteral obstruction causes

blood clots

calculi commonly calcium, uric acid, or struvite crystals

edema or inflammation

necrotic renal papillae

retroperitoneal fibrosis or hemorrhage

surgery accidental ligation

tumor

postrenal failure urethral obstruction causes

prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer

urethral strictures

urethral valve malformation or blockage

ureteropelvic junction obstruction