Che131 Lecture 2: Properties of Matter

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental chemistry terms, physical and chemical properties, intensive and extensive properties, states of matter, and phase diagrams based on Lecture 2.

Chemistry

The science of matter, focusing on its composition, structure, properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.

Matter

What makes up all substances (including molecules, atoms, and sub-atomic particles), characterized by taking up space, having mass, and attracting other matter through gravity.

Mass

A fundamental property of matter (like distance and time) that can only be defined indirectly.

Chemical properties

Characteristics that can be observed only when a substance reacts with another substance.

Physical properties

Characteristics that can be observed without a substance changing into another substance.

Density

A physical property representing mass per unit volume, given by the equation $D = \frac{M}{V}$.

Intensive property

A characteristic that is independent of the amount of substance present and is scale invariant.

Extensive property

A characteristic that varies with the quantity of the substance present.

Ratio of two extensive quantities

A combination of two extensive quantities that scale in the same way, resulting in a scale-invariant intensive quantity.

Solids

A state of matter characterized by having a definite shape and a definite volume.

Liquids

A state of matter that occupies a definite volume but does not have a definite shape.

Gases

A state of matter that has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.

Phase Diagram

A summary of the different phases of a substance as a function of temperature ($T$) and pressure ($P$).

Equation for mass

M= D x V

Equation for volume?

V = M / D