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What is active transport?
The movement of substances from a low concentration to a higher concentration across a membrane, using energy from respiration.
Define concentration gradient.
The difference in concentration between two areas; a greater concentration gradient results in a faster rate of diffusion.
What is diffusion?
The net spreading out of particles from a high concentration to a lower concentration (down their concentration gradient) as a result of kinetic energy.
What does diffusion distance refer to?
The distance that substances must diffuse; a smaller diffusion distance leads to a faster rate of diffusion.
What does flaccid mean in the context of plant cells?
A plant cell that has been placed in a more concentrated solution where water leaves the cell by osmosis, causing volume decrease.
Define osmosis.
The diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
What is plasmolysis?
The process by which the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall as a result of water loss from the cell.
What is surface area in biological terms?
The total area occupied by the surface of an object; a larger surface area increases the rate of diffusion.
Describe a turgid plant cell.
A plant cell that has been placed in a more dilute solution, where water enters by osmosis, increasing volume and pushing against the cell wall.
Define turgor pressure.
The pressure exerted by fluid within a cell which pushes the cell membrane against the inelastic cell wall.
What is water potential?
A measure of the tendency of water molecules to move from one area to another.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration across a membrane using energy.
Active transport.
Fill in the blank: The process by which the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall is called __________.
Plasmolysis.
Fill in the blank: The larger the surface area, the __________ the rate of diffusion.
Faster.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane.
Osmosis.
