Bone test

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157 Terms

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Cranium
knowt flashcard image
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Clavicle
act as a brace when we hold our arms out, anchors muscles, and attaches to the sternum medially and the scapula laterally
act as a brace when we hold our arms out, anchors muscles, and attaches to the sternum medially and the scapula laterally
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Scapula
attaches to the rib cage and vertebral column by the muscle, allows for more mobility and flexibility, and allows the arms to move laterally
attaches to the rib cage and vertebral column by the muscle, allows for more mobility and flexibility, and allows the arms to move laterally
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Cervical vertebrae
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True ribs
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False ribs
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Humerus
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Radius
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Ulna
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Sternum
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Ilium
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Sacrum
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Coxal
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Pubis
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Coccyx
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Pubic arch
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Ischium
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Carpals
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Metacarpals
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Phalanges
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Femur
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Patella
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Tibia
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Fibula
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Tarsals
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Metatarsals
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Axil skeleton
center of the body
center of the body
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Appendicular skeleton
appendages
appendages
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Calcaneus bone
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Talus bone
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Zygomatic bone
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Parietal bones
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Ethmoid bone
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Lacrimal bone
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Nasal bones
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Frontal bones
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Maxillary bones
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Occipital bones
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Mandible
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Temporal bones
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Thoracic vertebrae
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Lumbar vertebrae
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Sacral vertebrae
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Cartilage
flexible connective tissue
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Ligaments
short bands of tough, yet flexible, dense connective tissue that can connect 2 bones and stabilize joints
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Tendons
Cords of dense connective tissue, connect muscle to bone
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Joints
articulations or junctions between 2 or more bones and include all other components, aid in movement and flexibility
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Thumb
is opposable, has a special joint with metacarpal 1 and 2 phalanges
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Pelvic girdle
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Pectoral girdle
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Thoracic cage
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Proximal epiphysis
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Spongy bone
small needle-like pieces of bone and open space, in most bones, makes blood cells and stores fat, lessens bone weight
small needle-like pieces of bone and open space, in most bones, makes blood cells and stores fat, lessens bone weight
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Epiphyseal line
where the plate used to be once it is fused by osseous tissue, in adults after growth is finished
where the plate used to be once it is fused by osseous tissue, in adults after growth is finished
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Periosteum
fibrous connective tissue, covers shaft of long bones
fibrous connective tissue, covers shaft of long bones
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Compact bone
dense, smooth, and homogeneous, in all bones, hard external layer of bones, surrounds the medullary cavity, provides protection and strength
dense, smooth, and homogeneous, in all bones, hard external layer of bones, surrounds the medullary cavity, provides protection and strength
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Medullary cavity
full of yellow marrow, cavity in the shaft of a long bone, stores adipose tissue
full of yellow marrow, cavity in the shaft of a long bone, stores adipose tissue
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Diaphysis
made entirely of compact bone
made entirely of compact bone
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Distal epiphysis
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Endosteum
membrane lining the inner surface of the long bone bony wall, helps bones grow, repair, and remodel
membrane lining the inner surface of the long bone bony wall, helps bones grow, repair, and remodel
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Yellow bone marrow
inner cavity of long bones, made of adipose tissue, in children forms blood cells
inner cavity of long bones, made of adipose tissue, in children forms blood cells
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Perforating (sharpey's) fibers
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Nutrient arteries
narrow cavity of long bones through nutrient canals, forms the central arteries
narrow cavity of long bones through nutrient canals, forms the central arteries
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Articular cartilage
covers the epiphyses of long bones, made of glassy hyaline cartilage, provides a smooth surface that decreases friction at joints
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Epiphyses
ends of long bones, a thin layer of compact bone, encloses spongy bone, allows long bone to move in joints
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Diaphysis
the shaft on the of the bone that makes up the majority of the long bones
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Red bone marrow
in cavities in spongy bone of flat bones and epiphyses of some long bones, contain blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets
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Nerves in the bone
found along blood vessels, in periosteum, volkmann's canals, marrow, osteochondral, growth plate, and synovial membrane, connection to the nervous system, spatial orientation pain temperature and painful stimuli
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Organic matrix
gives the bones strength and flexibility, calcium and collagen
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Nutrient route through a bone
periosteum, osteon, central canal, lamellae, lacum, osteocyte
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Canaliculi
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Central canal
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Lacuna
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Phalanges (T)
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Connective tissue
the majority is bone (osseous) tissue but cartilage and dense connective tissue cover the bone’s external surface
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Nervous tissue
tissue in bone, has nerves
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Epithelial tissue
in the bone blood vessels, provides nourishment
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Muscle tissue
skeletal muscle tissue, attached to the bone
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Skeleton
a framework holding up the entire body, protects the most vital organs, bones used as levers to produce movements, stores minerals and energy, forms hormones and blood cells
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Hematopoiesis
blood cell formation, occurs in the red bone marrow of certain bones
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Nutrients in bones
calcium and phosphate (released into the blood when needed), energy stored in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow
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Long bones
longer than they are wide, tend to have a long shaft with either end being a bit wider, arm bones, hand bones, leg bones, and footbones
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Short bones
more cube-shaped, tend to be as wide as they are long, provide support and stability with little movement, carpals and tarsals
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sesamoid bone
a type of short bone, patella, a special type of short bone, means to be shaped like a sesame seed, embedded within tendons
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Flat bones
thin and flat, often with a little curve, have a large surface area for attaching to muscles, sternum, shoulder blades, ribs, and cranial bones
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Irregular bones
every other bone, have a highly specialized shape and structure, coxal and vertebrae
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Structure of bone
dense and smooth layer of compact (cortical) bone tissue on the outside surrounding the more porous spongy bone tissue on the inside, bones usually have distinct markings due to ligaments and muscles
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Compact bone
made up of osteons, lamella with tiny slats and collagen, and haversian canals
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Osteons
the basic structural unit, long cylinders that act as tiny weight-bearing pillars in the bone
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Lamella
hollow tubes grouped together to make compact bone, filled with tiny salts and collagen fibers that allow the bone to resist torsion and stress, the salt is hard, the collagen is rubbery and durable
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Haversian canal
runs through the middle of each osteon and contains small blood vessels for nourishment and nerve fibers for signaling
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Spongy bone
less organized than compact bone, no osteons, have trabeculae
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Trabeculae
in spongey bone, tiny bone struts that are key for helping the bone to resist stress: also where bone marrow is
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Projections
a type of bone marking, where muscles and ligaments attach
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Surfaces
a type of bone marking, forms joints
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Depressions and openings
a bone marking, for blood vessels and nerves to run through
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Osteocytes
maintain healthy bone structure, housed in the lacunae- gaps between the lamellae, monitor and maintain quality in response to stimuli
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Osteoblasts
build and construct bones by calcifying bone as it forms
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Osteoclasts
critical in the regeneration of the bone through bone remodeling by absorbing bone tissue wherever it is not needed or is degenerating
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Ossification (osteogenesis)
the process of bone tissue formation, the key to forming your skeleton as an embryo, essential for bone growth from childhood up to early adulthood, used for bone remodeling and repair later in life, articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates don't go through this