HLTH 251 Test 1

What is sexuality?

Anything related to the way we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings

What makes up our sexuality?

• Sex

• Gender

• Sexual Behaviour/Activity

What are some examples of a sex?

Anatomical female, male, or intersex

What is gender?

Behavioural, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex

What is sexual behaviour/activity?

What folks actually do when "having sex"

What is sexual orientation?

What we are attracted to, interested in, and aroused by

What consists of sexual identity?

• Labels

• Communities

What consists of sexual status?

• Behaviours

• Activities

What are gender roles?

Complex clusters of ways males and females are expected to behave within a given culture

Define "erotic"

Arousing sexual feelings or desires

What are "values"?

The beliefs and qualities in life that are deemed important/unimportant, right/wrong, desirable/undesirable, etc.

What shapes gender roles?

• Cultural norms

• Traditions

• Media

• Religion

• Institutions

• NOT BIOLOGY

What are some examples of gender roles?

• Men don't wear makeup

• Women should have long hair

• Men should be strong

• Women should be nurturing, emotional

• Men should be the breadwinners

• Women should be the caregivers

What are some of the impacts of gender roles?

• Can limit self-expression and opportunities

• Influence relationships, education, work, and health behaviours

• Reinforce inequality

What are some of the main things that influence sexuality?

• Culture

• Family

• Media

• Religion

• Science/Medicine

• Research

Define "ethnocentrism"

The notion that one's own cultural values, norms, and behaviours are superior to others

What are some positive's about sexuality in the media?

• New labels and sexualities

• Create community

• See views of other groups/people

What are come negative's about sexuality in the media?

• Anonymously say anything

• Porn

• Sexual exploitation

• Comparing yourself

Expressions of pre-colonialism indigenous sexualities?

• Homosexuality

• Premarital sex

• Non-monogamy

What is "phallic worship"?

Veneration of the penis as a symbol of generative power

What is a "phallic symbol"?

An object that represents the penis

What is "incest taboo?"

The prohibition against intercourse with close blood relatives

What is "polygamy?"

The practice of having two or more spouses at the same time

What is "monogamy"?

The practice of having only one spouse at a time

What is "pederasty?"

Sexual relations between a man and a boy

Define "bisexual"

Erotic attraction to people of more than one gender

Define "courtesan"

A woman who engaged in sex in exchange for money or goods, especially the mistress of a noble or wealthy man

Define "concubine"

A secondary wife, usually of inferior legal and social status

What is a sexologist?

A scientist who studies sexual behaviour

Define "analogue"

Something that is similar or comparable to something else

Define "copulation"

Sexual intercourse

Does the egg have an X, Y, XX, or XY chromosome?

X

Does the sperm have an X, Y, XX, or XY chromosome?

X or Y

What chromosome setup determines if a baby is a male?

XY

What chromosome setup determines if a baby is a female?

XX

What is a hymen?

Folds of tissue at the vaginal opening that vary in shape and size

What is virginity?

A social construct, not a biological reality.

What is Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)?

Procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons

How many eggs do women have at birth?

2,000,000

How many eggs do women have left by the time they hit puberty?

500,000

What is menopause?

When a woman permanently stops ovulating and menstruating, running out of eggs

What is the nipple?

Where mammary glands and milk ducts open on the female breast

What is an areola?

Darker area around the nipple

What percentage of semen contains sperm?

1%

What is the smallest cell in the human body?

Sperm

How fast does semen leave the body?

35 km/h

At what age does the average female mensurate for the first time?

12.7 years old on average

When are females able to get pregnant

Not until after first ovulation, but commonly 1-2 years after first ovulation

What is the menstrual phase?

A 3-7 day period of bleeding

What are the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle?

• Menstrual phase

• Mid-follicular phase

• Ovulation

• Luteal phase

When does the mid-follicular phase occur?

Between the end of period and beginning of ovulation

What is the luteal phase?

End of ovulation to beginning of period

What options are able to manage menstruation?

• Disposable pads

• Tampons

• Menstrual cups

• Period underwear

• Reusable cloth pads

• Medications & Hormones

What is dysmenorrhea?

Normal pain or discomfort during menstruation

What is the vulva?

External genitalia of the female body

What is the clitoris?

A female sex organ that includes both external and internal components that is extremely sensitive to sexual sensation

What is arousal?

The psychological and/or physical activation in relation to sex

What is Masters & Johnson's four phase model of sexual response?

1. Excitement

2. Plateau

3. Orgasm

4. Resolution

What are the main differences between the male and female sexual response cycle?

• Women have more variation

• Men have a refractory period

What is a refractory period?

A period in time after orgasming where you can't orgasm again