Human Bio Excretory System

yay so fun do practical well, slay it! ok.

Deamination

Amino acid + oxygen -(enzymes)> Carbohydrates + ammonia.
Occurs in the liver, where if other energy sources have been used up, the body can metabolise protein into energy

Ammonia + Forumula

energy + carbon dioxide + ammonia → urea + water. Ammonia is toxic to the body and needs to be converted to urea for safe excretion.

what does Filtrate consist of

water, salt, amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, hormones, toxins, various ions and all contents in blood besides large cells like RBC WBC and Plasma proteins

Filtrate of Urine and how its structure maximises its function: 1- how it collects filtrate

-Glomerular Capsule surrounds glomerulus to collect fluid out of the blood capillaries

Filtrate of Urine and how its structure maximises its function: 2- thickness

-Only two cells for filtrate to pass through from blood 1= capillary 1= capsule wall

Filtrate of Urine and how its structure maximises its function: 3- volume

-Large Volume of blood passes through every kidney, continual flow maintains the concentration gradient

Filtrate of Urine and how its structure maximises its function: 4-pressure

-Efferent arterole, leading out of glomerulus = smaller diameter = increased blood pressure = more fluid is filtered out

Filtrate of Urine and how its structure maximises its function: 5- SA

-Each tubule has a large SA for reabsorption and secretion due to two sets of convulutions and a long loop

Filtrate of Urine and how its structure maximises its function: 6- amount of nephrons

-Each kidney has 1.2 millsion nephrons = total SA available for reabsorption and secretion is LARGE