Self-Care and Non-Prescription Medications Module Exam 1 Quizlet

What causes the common cold?

Viral infection (rhinovirus most common) spread by self-inoculation (hands to eyes/nose) or respiratory droplets.

What are hallmark symptoms of the common cold?

Sore throat (early), nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, headache, fatigue, low-grade fever.

What are common complications of the cold?

Sinusitis, otitis media, asthma/COPD exacerbation.

What are exclusions for self-care in colds?

Fever >100.4°F, chest pain, shortness of breath, worsening/new symptoms, infants

What are first-line treatments for nasal congestion?

Decongestants (oral or intranasal).

What are useful non-drug therapies for colds?

Saline sprays, humidifiers, fluids, rest, vaporizers, menthol rubs (>2 yrs).

What is the brand name for pseudoephedrine?

Sudafed

What type of drug is pseudoephedrine and what is it used for?

Systemic decongestant for nasal congestion.

What are side effects of pseudoephedrine?

Elevated BP, tachycardia, insomnia, anxiety, restlessness.

Who should avoid pseudoephedrine?

Patients with uncontrolled HTN, heart disease, glaucoma, BPH, hyperthyroidism.

What are legal restrictions on pseudoephedrine?

Max 3.6 g/day and 9 g/month per person, logbook required.

What is the brand name for phenylephrine?

Sudafed PE

What type of drug is phenylephrine and what is it used for?

Systemic decongestant; less effective than pseudoephedrine due to poor bioavailability.

What are side effects of phenylephrine?

Elevated BP, palpitations, insomnia, nervousness.

Who should avoid phenylephrine?

Patients with HTN, CVD, or on MAOIs.

What is the brand name for oxymetazoline?

Afrin

What type of drug is oxymetazoline and what is it used for?

Intranasal decongestant for fast relief of congestion.

What is the major counseling point with oxymetazoline?

Limit use to ≤3 days to prevent rebound congestion.

What is the brand name for diphenhydramine?

Benadryl

What type of drug is diphenhydramine and what is it used for?

First-gen antihistamine; used for allergies, cough suppression, insomnia.

What are side effects of diphenhydramine?

Sedation, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention.

What paradoxical effect can diphenhydramine cause in children?

Excitability/hyperactivity.

Who should avoid diphenhydramine?

Elderly, glaucoma, BPH, asthma, those operating machinery.

What is the brand name for chlorpheniramine?

Chlor-Trimeton

What type of drug is chlorpheniramine and what is it used for?

first-generation antihistamine used for allergies, cough suppression, insomnia.

What are side effects of chlorpheniramine

drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and constipation

What paradoxical effect can chlorpheniramine cause in children?

Excitability/hyperactivity.

Who should avoid chlorpheniramine

Elderly, glaucoma, BPH, asthma, those operating machinery.

What is the brand name for loratadine?

Claritin

What is loratadine used for?

Allergic rhinitis and urticaria.

What are side effects of loratadine?

Non-sedating; may cause mild headache.

Is loratadine a first or second gen antihistamine?

Second gen

What is the brand name for cetirizine?

Zyrtec

What is cetirizine used for?

Allergic rhinitis, urticaria.

What are side effects of cetirizine?

Sedation in some patients, dry mouth.

Is cetirizine a first or second gen antihistamine?

Second gen

What is the brand name for fexofenadine?

Allegra

What is fexofenadine used for?

Allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria.

What are counseling points for fexofenadine?

Avoid fruit juice (decreases absorption).

is fexofenadine a first or second gen antihistamine?

Second gen

What is the brand name for azelastine?

Astepro

What type of drug is azelastine and what is it used for?

Intranasal antihistamine for allergic rhinitis.

What is the onset of action for azelastine?

15-30 minutes.

What are side effects of azelastine?

Bitter taste, nasal irritation, somnolence.

Is azelastine a first or second gen antihistamine?

Second gen

What is the brand name for cromolyn sodium?

Nasalcrom

What is cromolyn sodium used for?

Allergic rhinitis

What are side effects of cromolyn sodium?

Nasal irritation, sneezing.

Is cromolyn sodium an antihistamine?

no, it is a mast cell stabilizer.

What is the pathophysiology of fever?

Pyrogens trigger cytokines (ILs, TNF, IFNs) leading to increased prostaglandin E2 in hypothalamus leading to the raised the thermoregulatory set point.

What are common causes of fever?

Infectious (most common), noninfectious (cancer, trauma, heat stroke, tissue damage), and drug-induced.

What are (4) exclusions for self-care in fever?

1) Infants

What are non-drug measures for fever?

Maintain hydration, wear lightweight clothing, rest, avoid alcohol baths or ice water.

What are the four methods of getting a person's temperature?

Rectal/tympanic, Axillary, Oral, Temporal

What is considered a fever for rectal/tympanic temperature?

> 100.4 degrees fahrenheit

What is considered a fever for axillary temperature?

> 99 degrees fahrenheit

What is considered a fever for oral temperature?

> 99.5 degrees fahrenheit

What is considered a fever for temporal temperature?

> 100.1 degrees fahrenheit

What is the brand name for acetaminophen?

Tylenol

What type of drug is acetaminophen and what is it used for?

An analgesic and antipyretic (not anti-inflammatory) for fever and mild-to-moderate pain.

What are common side effects and risks of acetaminophen?

Generally well tolerated; hepatotoxicity with overdose, chronic alcohol use, or in liver disease.

What counseling points should be given for acetaminophen?

Do not exceed max daily dose, avoid duplicate products containing acetaminophen, and limit alcohol.

What is the brand name for ibuprofen?

Advil, Motrin.

What type of drug is ibuprofen and what is it used for?

NSAID used for fever, mild-to-moderate pain, inflammation, migraine, and dysmenorrhea.

What are side effects of ibuprofen?

GI upset, nausea, heartburn, risk of ulcer/bleeding, kidney impairment, increased CV risk.

Who should avoid ibuprofen?

Elderly, patients with GI bleeding risk, renal disease, heart failure, or 3rd trimester pregnancy.

What is the brand name for naproxen?

Aleve

What type of drug is naproxen and what is it used for?

NSAID used for fever, pain, inflammation, and migraine.

What are common side effects of naproxen?

GI upset, bleeding, kidney impairment, CV risk.

Who should avoid naproxen?

Children

What is the brand name for aspirin?

Bayer, Ecotrin.

What type of drug is aspirin and what is it used for?

NSAID and antiplatelet; used for pain, inflammation, migraine, and cardioprotection (low-dose).

What are risks of aspirin use?

GI irritation, ulceration, bleeding, hypersensitivity, Reye's syndrome in children/teens with viral illness.

Who should avoid aspirin?

Children/teens with viral illness, patients with bleeding risk, salicylate allergy, or those on anticoagulants.

What are features of tension-type headaches?

Bilateral, pressing/tight band-like pain, mild-moderate intensity, not aggravated by activity, no nausea.

What are features of migraine headaches?

Unilateral, throbbing pain, 4-72 hrs, worsens with activity, nausea/vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia; may have aura.

What are first line drugs for migraines?

Simple analgesic: Acetominophen/NSAID

Combination: Acetaminophen + Aspirin (Acetyl sylalicic acid) + caffeine

What are features of sinus headaches?

Localized pain in face/forehead/eyes, worse when bending forward, associated with congestion and discharge.

What are first line drugs for sinus headaches?

Decongestant: Pseudophedrine (or second choice phenylephrine)

Simple analgesic: Acetaminophen/NSAIDS

Topical: Oxymetazaline

What are features of cluster headaches?

Severe unilateral periorbital pain, tearing, rhinorrhea; occur in clusters; not appropriate for self-care.

What is a medication-overuse headache?

A rebound headache from frequent analgesic use (>15 days/month for >3 months).

What are exclusions for self-care in headache?

Sudden/severe headache ("worst ever"),

What are first-line drugs for tension or migraine headaches?

Simple analgesics (APAP, NSAIDs); combinations like APAP + ASA + caffeine (Excedrin).

What is the brand name for acetaminophen + aspirin + caffeine?

Excedrin Migraine.

What is Excedrin used for?

Acute treatment of migraines and tension headaches.

What are risks of Excedrin?

GI irritation/bleeding (aspirin), hepatotoxicity (acetaminophen), insomnia/jitters (caffeine).

What counseling should be given for Excedrin?

Avoid duplicate acetaminophen or aspirin products, avoid use late in the day (caffeine), limit alcohol.

What are common causes of acute musculoskeletal pain?

Sprains, strains, tendonitis, bursitis, acute myalgia, and injuries (

What are common causes of chronic musculoskeletal pain?

Osteoarthritis, chronic tendonitis, chronic lower back pain (>3 months duration).

What is myalgia and what causes it?

Muscle pain from overuse, viral illness, statin use, or other drugs. Symptoms include dull aching pain, weakness, and fatigue.

What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?

A strain involves overstretching or tearing of a muscle/tendon, while a sprain is stretching or tearing of a ligament (from twisting/trauma).

What is tendonitis and how does it present?

Inflammation of a tendon from overuse; pain occurs after use, localized tenderness, worsens with movement. Examples: tennis elbow, swimmer's shoulder.

What is bursitis and how does it present?

Inflammation of the bursa; constant pain worsened by movement or pressure, localized swelling, tenderness, and warmth.

What are features of osteoarthritis?

Degenerative joint disease with cartilage breakdown; stiffness, crepitus, localized pain relieved by rest.

What are non-drug measures for musculoskeletal pain?

RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) for acute injuries, heat for stiffness/chronic pain, stretching, massage, physical therapy, TENS therapy, proper hydration and warm-up before exercise.

What are exclusions for self-care in musculoskeletal pain?

Severe pain (>6/10), pain lasting >10 days, pain >7 days after topical treatment, children

What is acetaminophen used for in musculoskeletal pain?

First-line for mild pain without inflammation (e.g., osteoarthritis).

What are risks with acetaminophen in musculoskeletal use?

Liver toxicity from overdose, alcohol use, or chronic liver disease.

What is the role of NSAIDs in musculoskeletal pain?

First-line for pain with inflammation (e.g., tendonitis, bursitis, sprains).

What are common adverse effects of NSAIDs?

GI upset, risk of GI bleed/ulcer, kidney impairment, CV risk.