Ethics Final

stem cells

basic cells in humans and animals that can renwe themselves indefinetely and repeatedly produce one kind of psecialized cell

3 kinds of stem cells

\-embryonic

\-adult

\-cord blood

embryonic stem cells

\-found in ealry formational stages of an embryo

\-human devlopment begines with a zygote whihc then develops into a blastocyst

\-__ESC are found in the blastocyst__

\-can develop into over 200 types

\-ESC continue to divide and self-renew

\-__to obtain ESC the embryo must be destroyed__

adult stem cells

\-cells within limited regenerating power remain

\-rare to find and culture outside of body

cord blood stem cells

\-found in umbilical cord

\-not as primitive as ESC, more versatile than ASC

\-can be saved, stores, and multiplied without the ethical dilemnas

artifical insemination

* injection of sperm

in vitro fertilization

* removing a woman’s eggs and unting them with a sperm in a lab then placed in womb

embryo transfer

conceiving an embryo inside one woman and tranferring it to another

surrogate mothergood (genetic)

the surrogate provides the egg

genetic relation to baby

gestational surrogacy

\-surr carries the baby only, no egg provided

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gene therapy

\-technique for correcting defective genes responsible for diseases

genetic engineering

\-refers to use of genetics to design human descendants and/or enhance certain genetic capabilites

active euthanasia

taking patients life by committing an act that kills

passive euthanasia

\-refraining from an act that prolongs life

upper brain death

* leads to perm. loss of consciousness but does not always mean brain stem has dies (veg. state)

comatose patient

* upper brain continues to function
* patient may occasionaly awaken

activism

* christians should support military effort whenever their country declares war
* govt is ordained by God
* we must trust their judgement
* patrionism

selectivism or Just war

* conditional support of govt
* christian may support and fight in wars waged for morally defensive clauses

conditions neccesary for declaring war

1. official declaration by congress or president (unoffcially official)
2. should one nation have the authority to declare or should it be collective
3. just intentions
4. reasonable chance of success
5. response should be proportional to the provocation
6. war is the last resort

war is justified when

1. protrcting innocent people from harm or nation from unjust agression
2. to justify attacking first there must be strong evidence that an attack is immenint

Two types of Pacifivsim

1. immoral means for achieving goals; even if the goals are legitimate or good(any war violates other moral obligations) (non-consequentialist)
2. ultimately ineffective; violence always breeds violence eventually, rather than peace (consequentialist)

Ultimately ineffective; pacifivism view believes

1. pacifists do not abandon struggle against evil, but insist on nonviolent means
2. jesus lived nonviolently even when he had just cause for violence


1. as followers of christ, we are to do the same
2. the way of the cross is radically opposed to way of the world

John Howard Yoder (pacifism)

* christians are not responsible for making history come out right BUT do obey Jesus’s teaching (sermon on the mount)

Redemptive witness (pacifism)

* message og God’s love of all pople is proclaimed through christian pacifism and may help convert unbelievers

feminism

belief in social, politcal, and econmic equality of men and women

patriarchy

* literally “rule of the father” a system of legal, economic, and political structures that enforces relations of dominance in a society

sexism

belief that one sex usually male, is naturally superior to the other

misogyny

hatred of women

first wave of feminism

primarily concerned with voting rights for women

\-suffrage movement

\-seneca falls

\-cady Elizabeth stanton

second wave feminism

* betty freidons book “The feminine Mystique”
* women advocated for equal rights

third wave feminism

* more attention is given to the difference that social location makes in the lives of women, especially un the degree and kinds of struggles women face

core issues of feminism

* reproductive rights
* equal opportunity and the family
* sexual harassment and abuse

sex

a persons physical and biological charactersitics

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complementarianism

certain leadership roles in the church can be filled legitimately only by men, men and women are equal, their respective roles complement each other

gender

a description of a persons psychological charactersitcis such as ways of thinling/feeling

egalitarianism

any leadership role in the church may be filled legitmately by a man or woman