Biology - Animal and Plant Cells

Pro (before) ; Karyon (Nut/Kernel)

Prokaryotes come from the greek words:

Prokaryotes

Cells w/o TRUE NUCLEUS but NUCLEIOD

Peptidoglycan cell wall and Polysaccharide capsule

Prokaryotes have….

nucleoid

Prokaryotes have no nucleus instead; they have a _____ region in the cell

Plasmids

Many prokaryotes have _____, which are small rings of double-stranded extra-chromosomal ("outside the chromosome") DNA.

Prokaryotes

are always unicellular

Eukaryotes

are often multi-celled organisms

1-5 um

size of prokaryotes

EU (True) ; KARYON (Nut/Kernel)

Eukaryotes come from the greek words:

Eukaryotes

Its cells have true nucleus.

10-100 um

size of eukaryotes

Histones (packages proteins)

Eukaryotes have…

Mitosis or Meiosis

Eukaryotes use two major types of cell division:

Mitosis

produces two genetically identical “daughter” cells from a single “parent” cell

Meiosis

produces cells that are genetically unique from the parent and contain only half as much DNA

Binary Fission

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies

Nucleus

controls the cells activities

Nucleus

contains genetic material including DNA

Vacuole

responsible for storing nutrients, waste products, and maintaining cell turgor pressure

Mitochondria

This is where most of the energy is released in respiration.

Centrioles

aid cell division

Centrioles

They maintain cell structure and intracellular transport systems.

Cytoplasm

where many of the chemical reactions happen

dissolved nutrients and salts

Cytoplasm contains……

Ribosome

synthesize all the proteins in the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

processes and transports proteins synthesized in ribosomes

Lysosome

digest large molecules using enzymes

Lysosome

a key part of cell metabolism

Cell Membrane

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Phospholipids

Cell membrane is made of _____.

Golgi Complex

What organelle functions like a “post office” by modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for delivery within and outside the cell?

Chloroplast

absorbs light for photosynthesis

green pigment chlorophyll

The chloroplasts contains the…….

Vacuole

helps keep the plant cell turgid in plants

cell sap

In a plant, organelle vacuole is filled with ________.

Peroxisome

oxidize specific biomolecules within the plant cells

Cell Wall

strengthens and supports the plant

cellulose fibres

Cell wall is made of _________.

Chloroplast, Large Central Vacuole, and Cell Wall

What does plant cells have that animal cells don't have?

Centrioles, Centrosomes, Lysosomes

What does animal cells have that plant cells don't have?

Binary Fission

The process of cell division in prokaryotes.

Hyalopasm

clear, fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Ribosomes

free particles suspended within the cytoplasm or attached to the membranous wall of the ER, granular particles composed of protein and RNA