HUMANBIOLOGY_CHAPTEREIGHT

asexual reproduction

form of reproduction in which offspring arise from only one parent

apoptosis

programmed cell death that is a normal part of development

chromosome

a continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell; also, the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell

DNA polymerase

enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides and corrects mismatched base pairs in DNA replication

chromatin

collective term for all of the DNA and its associated proteins in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

cell cycle

sequence of events that occur in an actively dividing cell

interphase

stage preceding mitosis or meiosis, when the cell carries out its functions, replicates its DNA, and grows

mitosis

division of genetic material that yields two genetically identical nuclei

cytokinesis

distribution of cytoplasm into daughter cells in cell division

malignant tumor

mass of abnormal cells that has the potential to invade adjacent tissues and spread throughout the body

metastasis

transfer of cancer cells from a tumor to other sites in the body

Some method of cell division is necessary for every organism to ______

reproduce

In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically ______ to each other.

identical

Because apoptosis is an intentional act on the part of the cell, it is sometimes referred to as "______ cell death."

programmed

A single molecule of DNA and its associated proteins is called a ______.

chromosome

What is the role of the enzyme DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

add complementary DNA nucleotides.

Before cell division can occur, what molecule must be replicated so it can carry instructions to new cells?

DNA

Regulated cell death that is a necessary part of development is called

apoptosis

During a section of the cell cycle collectively called ______, the cell is not dividing, but protein synthesis, cell growth, DNA replication, and basic cell functions are occurring.

interphase

A cell's genetic material is contained in one or more ______.

chromosomes

The daughter cells of mitosis have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

False

What enzyme adds complementary bases to exposed single strands of DNA during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase.

What cellular event is occurring in this picture?

cytokinesis

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of ______, which is composed of uncondensed DNA and associated proteins.

chromatin

The ______ describes the events that occur in a eukaryotic cell from cell division, including division of the genetic material and the cytoplasm, through the interval of cell activity before the next cell division.

cell cycle

Several internal ______ in the cell cycle ensure that a cell does not enter into the next phase of the cell cycle before completing the previous phase.

checkpoints

The phase of the cell cycle called interphase is a time of inactivity and rest for the cell after mitosis.

False

A malignant tumor is one that ______. 

invades the surrounding tissue

Which of the following best describes the overall process of mitosis?

The type of cell division that separates chromosomes and produces two daughter cells with identical nuclei.

Following mitosis, what process splits the organelles, cytoplasm, duplicated nuclei, and macromolecules into two daughter cells?

Cytokinesis

What type of cells may divide constantly throughout their life?

stem cells