Theoretical Foundation of Nursing (NCM100) Flashcards

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering definition of terms, historical eras of nursing theory, reasoning types, metaparadigms, and types of nursing theories based on the lecture notes.

According to Meleis (2018), nursing theories __________ nursing care.

describe, explain, predict, or prescribe

The __________ (1850-1900) was marked by the professionalization of nursing and the introduction of sanitary practices.

Nightingale Era

During the __________ (1900–1940), the focus shifted toward nursing education, hospital schools, and skill development, with nursing being viewed as assisting physicians.

Curriculum Era

In the Research Era (1950–1970), nurses began to ask the fundamental question, "__________?"

What is nursing

The __________ (1990–Present) focuses on Evidence-Based Practice, clinical application, and research utilization.

Theory Utilization Era

__________ reasoning moves from specific observations to a general theory.

Inductive

__________ reasoning moves from a general principle to a specific situation.

Deductive

__________ are the building blocks of theory and can be concrete, such as body temperature, or abstract, such as pain or love.

Concepts

In theory development, __________ are the "taken for granted" statements that describe the nature of concepts or structure of the theory.

Assumptions

The four components of the nursing metaparadigm are Person, Environment, Health, and __________.

Nursing

A __________ is a pattern or set of beliefs and views about the world and reality, often described as a "lens" through which we see reality.

Paradigm

__________ are broad in scope and abstraction, such as Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory or Roy’s Adaptation Model.

Grand Theories

__________ theories focus on a specific topic, such as Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort or Mishel's Theory of Uncertainty in Illness.

Middle-Range

__________ theories, also known as Situation-Producing Theories, address nursing interventions and prescribe specific actions for outcomes.

Prescriptive

In Carper’s Patterns of Knowing, __________ knowing represents the "Science of Nursing" and is factual and research-based.

Empirical

In Carper’s Patterns of Knowing, __________ knowing represents the "Art of Nursing" and is creative, intuitive, and expressive.

Aesthetic

In the house analogy for nursing structure, __________ represents the foundation (beliefs and values).

Philosophy

The __________ is the disconnect between what is taught/theorized and what is actually performed in clinical settings.

Theory-Practice Gap

__________ is the philosopher associated with the 14 basic needs of the patient.

Virginia Henderson

The __________ model explains adaptation as a process of responding positively to environmental changes.

Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model