Cell division and genetic inheritance

Cell Division

Is essential for growth, repair, reproduction.

Mitosis

Creates identical body cells

Meiosis

Created reproductive cells

Prophase

Chromosomes condense and become visible

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends

Telophase

Nuclear membrane reforms, creating two indentical cells.

Chromosomes

Carry genetic information

DNA

Contains instructions for traits

Genes

Specific sections of DNA that code for traits

Gametes

Meiosis creates reproductive cells

Creates genetic variation through:

-Crossing over of chromosomes

- Random separation of chromosomes

Gregor Mendel

Experiments with pea plants

Eye color, hair texture, height

Examples of inherited traits

Biodiversity

Is the variety of life forms on earth

Species diversity

Different types of plants, animals and micrograms

Genetic diversity

Variations within species

Ecosystem diversity

Different habitats and communities

Producers

Plants

Primary consumers

Plant-eaters

Secondary consumers

Meat-eaters

Tertiary consumers

Top-predators

Human activities affect ecosystems

Deforestation, climate change, pollution

3 r's

Reduce, reuse, recycle

Water cycle

Evaporation condensation precipitation

Carbon cycle

Photosynthesis respiration

Nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen fixation, decomposition

Digestive system

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, excretion

Key functions

Circulatory system

Transports absorbed nutrients

Respiratory system

Provides oxygen for cellular energy production

Excretory system

Eliminates waste products

Esophagus

Transports food to the stomach

Stomach

Breaks down food using acid and enzymes

Smll intestine

Main site for nutrient absorption

Large intestine

Absorbs water and froms waste

Anus

Excretes solid waste

Physical digestion

Break down of food into smaller pieces

Chemical digestion

Breaking down food using enzymes

Malnutrition

Lack of Essential nutrients

Scurvy

Vitamin C deficiency

Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia

Lack of iron

Foodborne

Caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites in contaminates food

Chronic diseases

Due to harmful substances it poor dietary choices

Prevention, detection, treatment

For treatment