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IAFIS
The acronym for Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System, the FBI's national AFIS
Identification:
1. See individualization
2. In some forensic disciplines, this term denoted the similarity of class characteristics
Impression
Friction ridge detail deposited on a surface
Incipient ridge
A friction ridge not fully developed that may appear shorter and thinner than fully developed friction ridges
Inconclusive
The determination by an examiner that there is neither sufficient agreement to individualize, nor sufficient disagreement to exclude
Individualization
The determination by an examiner that there is sufficiency quality and quantity of detail in agreement to conclude that two friction ridge impressions originated from the same source
Joint (of the finger)
The hinged area that separates segments of the finger
Known prints (finger, palm, foot)
The prints of an individual, associated with a known or claimed identity, and deliberately recorded electronically, by ink, or by another medium (also known as exemplars)
Latent print
1. Transferred impression of friction ridge detail not readily visible
2. Generic term for unintentionally deposited friction ridge detail
Level 1 detail
Friction ridge flow, pattern type, and general morphological information
Level 2 detail
Individual friction ridge paths and associated events, including minutiae
Level 3 detail
Friction ride dimensional attributes, such as width, edge shapes, and pores
Lift
An adhesive or other medium used to transfer a friction ridge impression from a substrate
Loop
A pattern type in which one or more friction ridges enter upon one side, recurve, touch or pass an imaginary line between delta and core and flow out, or tend to flow out, on the same side the friction ridges entered. Types include left slant loops, in which the pattern flows to the left in the impression; right slant loops, in which the pattern flows to the right in the impression; radial loops, in which the pattern flows in the direction of the radius bone of the forearm (toward the thumb); and ulnar loops, in which the pattern flows in the direction of the ulna bone fo the forearm (toward the little finger)
Major case print
A systematic recording of the friction ridge detail appearing on the palms of the hands. This includes the extreme sides of the palms, joints, tips, and sides of the fingers (also known as complete friction ridge exemplars)
Mark
Term commonly used in the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries to designate a latent print
Mated impressions
Impressions intentionally collected to originate from the same source, and used for the purpose of measuring error rates
Matrix
The substance that is deposited or removed by the friction ridge skin when making an impression
Minutiae
Events along a ridge path, including bifurcations, ending ridges, and dots (also known as Galton details)
Missed exclusion
The failure to make an exclusion when in face the friction ridge impressions are non-mated (includes false positive, non-consensus inconclusive and non-consensus no value)
Missed individualization
The failure to make an individualization when in face both friction ridge impressions are mated (includes false negative, non-consensus inconclusive and non-consensus no value)
Negative predictive value (NPV)
The proportion of exclusion determinations that are correct
NGI
The acronym for Next Generation Identification, the updated version of IAFIS
Non-consensus determinations of no value
Decisions of no value that conflict with the consensus
Non-consensus determination of suitability
When an examiner's determination of suitability does not concur with consensus. Suitability determinations include non-consensus no value, and non-consensus value decisions
Non-consensus determination of value
Decisions of value that conflict with the consensus
Non-consensus exclusion conclusion
When an examiner reaches a decision of exclusion that conflicts with the consensus, exclusive of false negative errors
Non-consensus inconclusive
When an examiner reaches an decision of inconclusive that conflicts with the consensus, exclusive of false positive and negative errors
Non-consensus individualization conclusion
When an examiner reaches a decision of individualization that conflicts with the consensus, exclusive of false positive errors
Non-mated impressions
Impressions intentionally collected to originate from different sources, and used for the purpose of measuring error rates
Original image
An accurate replica (pixel for pixel) of the primary image
